Class 11 Geography: Interior of the Earth — Chapter Question Set

(c) Surface waves — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

(b) Volcanoes — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

(b) Flood — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

(b) crust and upper mantle — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

a) nature of the earth? — The textbook states: W hat do you imagine about the nature of the earth?

d) cover of rocks i.e — The textbook states: Do you imagine it to be a solid ball like cricket ball or a hollow ball with a thick cover of rocks i.e.

c) on the television screen? — The textbook states: Have you ever seen photographs or images of a volcanic eruption on the television screen?

b) of the volcanic crater? — The textbook states: Can you recollect the emergence of hot molten lava, dust, smoke, fire and magma flowing out of the volcanic crater?

a) interior of the earth — The textbook states: The interior of the earth can be understood only by indirect evidences as neither any one has nor any one can reach the interior of the earth.

d) largely a product of the processes operating — The textbook states: The configuration of the surface of the earth is largely a product of the processes operating in the interior of the earth.

c) constantly shaping the landscape — The textbook states: Exogenic as well as endogenic processes are constantly shaping the landscape.

b) ignored — The textbook states: A proper understanding of the physiographic character of a region remains incomplete if the effects of endogenic processes are ignored.

a) necessary that one gets acquainted with the f — The textbook states: Therefore, it is necessary that one gets acquainted with the forces that influence landscape development.

d) generated — The textbook states: To understand why the earth shakes or how a tsunami wave is generated, it is necessary that we know certain details of the interior of the earth.

c) crust to the core — The textbook states: In the previous chapter, you have noted that the earth-forming materials have been distributed in the form of layers from the crust to the core.

b) interesting to know how scientists have gathe — The textbook states: It is interesting to know how scientists have gathered information about these layers and what are the characteristics of each of these layers.

a) 6,378 km — The textbook states: INTERIOR OF THE EARTH SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR The earth’s radius is about 6,378 km.

d) samples of the material — The textbook states: No one can reach the centre of the earth and make observations or collect samples of the material.

c) exist at such depths — The textbook states: Under such conditions, you may wonder how scientists tell us about the earth’s interior and the type of materials that exist at such depths.

b) largely based on estimates and inferences — The textbook states: Most of our knowledge about the interior of the earth is largely based on estimates and inferences.

a) obtained through direct observations and anal — The textbook states: Yet, a part of the infor mation is obtained through direct observations and analysis of materials.

d) surface rock or the rocks we get from mining — The textbook states: Direct Sources The most easily available solid earth material is surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas.

c) 4 km — The textbook states: Gold mines in South Africa are as deep as 3 - 4 km.

b) not possible as it is very hot at this depth — The textbook states: Going beyond this depth is not possible as it is very hot at this depth.

a) in the crustal portions — The textbook states: Besides mining, scientists have taken up a number of projects to penetrate deeper depths to explore the conditions in the crustal portions.

d) Deep Ocean Drilling Project — The textbook states: Scientists world over are working on two major projects such as “Deep Ocean Drilling Project” and “Integrated Ocean Drilling Project”.

c) 12 km — The textbook states: The deepest drill at Kola, in Arctic Ocean, has so far reached a depth of 12 km.

b) collected at different depths — The textbook states: This and many deep drilling projects have provided large volume of information through the analysis of materials collected at different depths.

a) of obtaining direct information — The textbook states: Volcanic eruption forms another source of obtaining direct information.

d) thrown onto the surface of the earth — The textbook states: As and when the molten material (magma) is thrown onto the surface of the earth, during volcanic eruption it becomes available for laboratory analysis.

c) difficult to ascertain the depth of the sourc — The textbook states: However, it is difficult to ascertain the depth of the source of such magma.

b) EAR TH — The textbook states: CHAPTER INTERIOR OF THE EAR TH 19 Indirect Sources Analysis of properties of matter indirectly provides information about the interior .

a) interior in deeper depths — The textbook states: We know through the mining activity that temperature and pressure increase with the increasing distance from the surface towards the interior in deeper depths.

d) also known that the density of the material a — The textbook states: Mor eover, it is also known that the density of the material also increases with depth.

c) materials at different depths — The textbook states: Knowing the total thickness of the earth, scientists have estimated the values of temperature, pressure and the density of materials at different depths.

b) discussed later in this chapter — The textbook states: The details of these characteristics with reference to each layer of the interior are discussed later in this chapter.

a) the meteors that at times r each the earth — The textbook states: Another source of information are the meteors that at times r each the earth.

d) not from the interior of the earth — The textbook states: However, it may be noted that the material that becomes available for analysis from meteors, is not from the interior of the earth.

c) similar to that of the earth — The textbook states: The material and the structure observed in the meteors are similar to that of the earth.

b) solid bodies developed out of materials same — The textbook states: They are solid bodies developed out of materials same as, or similar to, our planet.

a) interior of the earth — The textbook states: Hence, this becomes yet another source of information about the interior of the earth.

d) field, and seismic activity — The textbook states: The other indirect sources include gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity.

c) not the same at different latitudes on the su — The textbook states: The gravitation force (g ) is not the same at different latitudes on the surface.

b) because of the distance from the centre at th — The textbook states: This is because of the distance from the centre at the equator being greater than that at the poles.

a) the mass of material — The textbook states: The gravity values also differ according to the mass of material.

d) earth influences this value — The textbook states: The uneven distribution of mass of material within the earth influences this value.

c) influenced by many other factors — The textbook states: The reading of the gravity at different places is influenced by many other factors.

b) crust of the earth — The textbook states: Gravity anomalies give us information about the distribution of mass of the material in the crust of the earth.

a) materials in this part — The textbook states: Magnetic surveys also provide information about the distribution of magnetic materials in the crustal portion, and thus, provide information about the distribution of materials in this part.

d) one of the most important sources of informat — The textbook states: Seismic activity is one of the most important sources of information about the interior of the earth.

Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. The body waves interact with the surface rocks and generate new set of waves called surface waves.

INTERIOR OF THE EARTH SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR The earth’s radius is about 6,378 km. Direct Sources The most easily available solid earth material is surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas. Seismic activity is one of the most important sources of information about the interior of the earth.

Emergence of Shadow Zone Earthquake waves get recorded in seismographs located at far of f locations. The study of different events reveals that for each earthquake, there exists an altogether different shadow zone. Thus, a zone between 105° and 145° from epicentre was identified as the shadow zone for both the types of waves.

INTERIOR OF THE EARTH SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR The earth’s radius is about 6,378 km. The other indirect sources include gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity. Seismic activity is one of the most important sources of information about the interior of the earth.

W hat do you imagine about the nature of the earth?

Do you imagine it to be a solid ball like cricket ball or a hollow ball with a thick cover of rocks i.e.

Have you ever seen photographs or images of a volcanic eruption on the television screen?

Can you recollect the emergence of hot molten lava, dust, smoke, fire and magma flowing out of the volcanic crater?

The interior of the earth can be understood only by indirect evidences as neither any one has nor any one can reach the interior of the earth.

The configuration of the surface of the earth is largely a product of the processes operating in the interior of the earth.

Exogenic as well as endogenic processes are constantly shaping the landscape.

A proper understanding of the physiographic character of a region remains incomplete if the effects of endogenic processes are ignored.

Human life is largely influenced by the physiography of the region.

Therefore, it is necessary that one gets acquainted with the forces that influence landscape development.

To understand why the earth shakes or how a tsunami wave is generated, it is necessary that we know certain details of the interior of the earth.

In the previous chapter, you have noted that the earth-forming materials have been distributed in the form of layers from the crust to the core.

It is interesting to know how scientists have gathered information about these layers and what are the characteristics of each of these layers.

This is exactly what this chapter deals with.

INTERIOR OF THE EARTH SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE INTERIOR The earth’s radius is about 6,378 km.

No one can reach the centre of the earth and make observations or collect samples of the material.

Under such conditions, you may wonder how scientists tell us about the earth’s interior and the type of materials that exist at such depths.

Most of our knowledge about the interior of the earth is largely based on estimates and inferences.

Yet, a part of the infor mation is obtained through direct observations and analysis of materials.

Direct Sources The most easily available solid earth material is surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas.

Gold mines in South Africa are as deep as 3 - 4 km.

Earthquake The study of seismic waves provides a complete picture of the layered interior. It is caused due to release of energy, which generates waves that travel in all directions. This causes a release of energy, and the energy waves travel in all directions. Earthquake Waves All natural earthquakes take place in the lithosphere. The velocity of waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through solid materials. Propagation of Earthquake Waves Different types of earthquake waves travel in different manners.

W hat do you imagine about the nature of the earth? Do you imagine it to be a solid ball like cricket ball or a hollow ball with a thick cover of rocks i.e. Have you ever seen photographs or images of a volcanic eruption on the television screen? Can you recollect the emergence of hot molten lava, dust, smoke, fire and magma flowing out of the volcanic crater? To understand why the earth shakes or how a tsunami wave is generated, it is necessary that we know certain details of the interior of the earth. VOLCANIC L ANDFORMS Intrusive Forms The lava that is released during volcanic eruptions on cooling develops into igneous rocks. These are the most commonly found intrusive forms in the western Maharashtra area.

W hat do you imagine about the nature of the earth? W hat do you imagine about the nature of the earth? Do you imagine it to be a solid ball like cricket ball or a hollow ball with a thick cover of rocks i.e. Have you ever seen photographs or images of a volcanic eruption on the television screen?

Do you imagine it to be a solid ball like cricket ball or a hollow ball with a thick cover of rocks i.e. W hat do you imagine about the nature of the earth? Do you imagine it to be a solid ball like cricket ball or a hollow ball with a thick cover of rocks i.e. Have you ever seen photographs or images of a volcanic eruption on the television screen? Can you recollect the emergence of hot molten lava, dust, smoke, fire and magma flowing out of the volcanic crater?

Have you ever seen photographs or images of a volcanic eruption on the television screen? Do you imagine it to be a solid ball like cricket ball or a hollow ball with a thick cover of rocks i.e. Have you ever seen photographs or images of a volcanic eruption on the television screen? Can you recollect the emergence of hot molten lava, dust, smoke, fire and magma flowing out of the volcanic crater? The interior of the earth can be understood only by indirect evidences as neither any one has nor any one can reach the interior of the earth.

Can you recollect the emergence of hot molten lava, dust, smoke, fire and magma flowing out of the volcanic crater? Have you ever seen photographs or images of a volcanic eruption on the television screen? Can you recollect the emergence of hot molten lava, dust, smoke, fire and magma flowing out of the volcanic crater? The interior of the earth can be understood only by indirect evidences as neither any one has nor any one can reach the interior of the earth. The configuration of the surface of the earth is largely a product of the processes operating in the interior of the earth.

The interior of the earth can be understood only by indirect evidences as neither any one has nor any one can reach the interior of the earth. Can you recollect the emergence of hot molten lava, dust, smoke, fire and magma flowing out of the volcanic crater? The interior of the earth can be understood only by indirect evidences as neither any one has nor any one can reach the interior of the earth. The configuration of the surface of the earth is largely a product of the processes operating in the interior of the earth. Exogenic as well as endogenic processes are constantly shaping the landscape.