Class 11 Geography: World Climate and Climate Change — Chapter Question Set

(c) Mean monthly temperature of all the months more than 18 o C — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

(d) Empirical — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

(b) “BSh” — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

(b) 1998 — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

(b) A—C—D—E — This is the textbook-supported choice for the question.

d) WWWWORLDORLDORLD ORLDORLD — The textbook states: W WWWWORLDORLDORLD ORLDORLD C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE AND ANDAND ANDAND C CC CCLIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE C C C C C HANGE HANGEHANGE HANGEHANGE T he world climate can be studied by organising information and data on climate and synthesising them in smaller units for easy understanding, description and analysis.

c) adopted for classifying climate — The textbook states: Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate.

b) based on observed data — The textbook states: Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation.

a) according to their causes — The textbook states: Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes.

d) for specific purpose — The textbook states: Applied classification is for specific purpose.

c) KKKKOEPP OEPPOEPPOEPPOEPP ENENEN ENEN — The textbook states: K KKKKOEPP OEPPOEPPOEPPOEPP ENENEN ENEN ’ ’’ ’’S SSSS S S S S S CHEME CHEMECHEME CHEMECHEME OF OFOFOFOF C C C C C LASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATION OFOFOF OFOF C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE The most widely used classification of climate is the empirical climate classification scheme developed by V.

b) of vegetation and climate — The textbook states: Koeppen identified a close relationship between the distribution of vegetation and climate.

a) for classifying the climates — The textbook states: He selected certain values of temperature and precipitation and related them to the distribution of vegetation and used these values for classifying the climates.

d) an empirical classification based on mean ann — The textbook states: It is an empirical classification based on mean annual and mean monthly temperature and precipitation data.

c) climatic groups and types — The textbook states: He introduced the use of capital and small letters to designate climatic groups and types.

b) 1918 — The textbook states: Although developed in 1918 and modified over a period of time, Koeppen’s scheme is still popular and in use.

a) based on temperature and one on precipitation — The textbook states: Koeppen recognised five major climatic groups, four of them are based on temperature and one on precipitation.

d) and B dry climates — The textbook states: The capital letters : A,C, D and E delineate humid climates and B dry climates.

c) subdivided into types — The textbook states: The climatic groups are subdivided into types, designated by small letters, based on seasonality of precipitation and temperature characteristics.

b) of severity of temperature — The textbook states: The small letters a, b, c and d refer to the degree of severity of temperature.

a) Dry Climates — The textbook states: The B- Dry Climates are subdivided using the capital letters S for steppe or semi-arid and W for deserts.

d) Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup — The textbook states: Group A : Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup A : Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup A : Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup A : Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup A : Tropical Humid Climates Tropical humid climates exist between Tropic of Cancer and T ropic of Capricor n.

c) Inter Tropical Convergence Zone — The textbook states: The sun being overhead throughout the year and the presence of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) make the climate hot and humid.

b) very low and annual rainfall is high — The textbook states: Annual range of temperature is very low and annual rainfall is high.

a) Tropical — The textbook states: The tropical group is divided into three types, namely (i) Af- Tropical wet climate; (ii) Am - Tropical monsoon climate; (iii) Aw- Tropical wet and dry climate.

d) found near the equator — The textbook states: Tropical Wet Climate (Af) T ropical wet climate is found near the equator.

c) Amazon Basin — The textbook states: The major areas are the Amazon Basin in South America, western equatorial Africa and the islands of East Indies.

b) showers in the afternoon — The textbook states: Significant amount of rainfall occurs in every month of the year as thunder showers in the afternoon.

a) uniformly high and the annual range of temper — The textbook states: The temperature is uniformly high and the annual range of temperature is negligible.

d) 30°C — The textbook states: The maximum temperature on any day is around 30°C while the minimum temperature is around 20°C.

c) found in this climate — The textbook states: Tropical evergreen forests with dense canopy cover and large biodiversity are found in this climate.

b) Indian — The textbook states: Tropical Monsoon Climate (Am) Tropical monsoon climate (Am) is found over the Indian sub-continent, North Eastern part of South America and Northern Australia.

a) India — The textbook states: The detailed climatic account of this climatic type is given in the book on India: Physical Environment.

d) Dry Climate — The textbook states: Tropical Wet and Dry Climate (Aw) Tropical wet and dry climate occurs north and south of Af type climate regions.

c) on the eastern part — The textbook states: It borders with dry climate on the western part of the continent and Cf or Cw on the eastern part.

b) considerably less than that in Af and Am clim — The textbook states: The annual rainfall in this climate is considerably less than that in Af and Am climate types and is variable also.

a) shorter and the dry season is longer with the — The textbook states: The wet season is shorter and the dry season is longer with the drought being more severe.

d) high throughou t the year and diurnal ranges — The textbook states: Temperature is high throughou t the year and diurnal ranges of temperature are the greatest in the dry season.

c) occur in this climate — The textbook states: Deciduous forest and tree-shredded grasslands occur in this climate.

b) characterised by very low rainfall that is no — The textbook states: Dry Climates : B Dry climates are characterised by very low rainfall that is not adequate for the growth of plants.

a) of the equator — The textbook states: These climates cover a very large area of the planet extending over large latitudes from 15° - 60° north and south of the equator .

d) do not produce rainfall — The textbook states: At low latitudes, from 15° - 30°, they occur in the area of subtropical high where subsidence and inversion of temperature do not produce rainfall.

c) South America — The textbook states: On the western margin of the continents, adjoining the cold current, particularly over the west coast of South America, they extend more equatorwards and occur on the coast land.

b) confined to the interior of continents where — The textbook states: In middle latitudes, from 35° - 60° north and south of equator, they are confined to the interior of continents where maritime-humid winds do not reach and to areas often surrounded by mountains.

a) divided into steppe or semi-arid climate (BS) — The textbook states: Dry climates are divided into steppe or semi-arid climate (BS) and desert climate (BW).

d) BSh — The textbook states: They are further subdivided as subtropical steppe (BSh) and subtropical desert (BWh) at latitudes from 15° - 35° and mid-latitude steppe (BSk) and mid-latitude desert (BWk) at latitudes between 35° - 60°.

c) BSh — The textbook states: Subtropical Steppe (BSh) and Subtropical Desert (BWh) Climates Subtropical steppe (BSh) and subtropical desert (BWh) have common precipitation and temperature characteristics.

b) growth of sparse grasslands — The textbook states: Located in the transition zone between humid and dry climates, subtropical steppe receives slightly more rainfall than the desert, adequate enough for the growth of sparse grasslands.

a) highly variable — The textbook states: The rainfall in both the climates is highly variable.

d) more often causing famine — The textbook states: The variability in the rainfall affects the life in the steppe much more than in the desert, more often causing famine.

K KKKKOEPP OEPPOEPPOEPPOEPP ENENEN ENEN ’ ’’ ’’S SSSS S S S S S CHEME CHEMECHEME CHEMECHEME OF OFOFOFOF C C C C C LASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATION OFOFOF OFOF C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE The most widely used classification of climate is the empirical climate classification scheme developed by V. Koeppen identified a close relationship between the distribution of vegetation and climate. Doubling of concentration of CO2 over pre-industrial level is used as an index for estimating the changes in climate in climatic models.

Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation. Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes. K KKKKOEPP OEPPOEPPOEPPOEPP ENENEN ENEN ’ ’’ ’’S SSSS S S S S S CHEME CHEMECHEME CHEMECHEME OF OFOFOFOF C C C C C LASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATION OFOFOF OFOF C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE The most widely used classification of climate is the empirical climate classification scheme developed by V.

Annual range of temperature is very low and annual rainfall is high. Dry Climates : B Dry climates are characterised by very low rainfall that is not adequate for the growth of plants. Subtropical Steppe (BSh) and Subtropical Desert (BWh) Climates Subtropical steppe (BSh) and subtropical desert (BWh) have common precipitation and temperature characteristics.

He introduced the use of capital and small letters to designate climatic groups and types. The detailed climatic account of this climatic type is given in the book on India: Physical Environment. Sunspots are dark and cooler patches on the sun which increase and decrease in a cyclical manner .

W WWWWORLDORLDORLD ORLDORLD C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE AND ANDAND ANDAND C CC CCLIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE C C C C C HANGE HANGEHANGE HANGEHANGE T he world climate can be studied by organising information and data on climate and synthesising them in smaller units for easy understanding, description and analysis.

Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate.

Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation.

Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes.

Applied classification is for specific purpose.

K KKKKOEPP OEPPOEPPOEPPOEPP ENENEN ENEN ’ ’’ ’’S SSSS S S S S S CHEME CHEMECHEME CHEMECHEME OF OFOFOFOF C C C C C LASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATION OFOFOF OFOF C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE The most widely used classification of climate is the empirical climate classification scheme developed by V.

Koeppen identified a close relationship between the distribution of vegetation and climate.

He selected certain values of temperature and precipitation and related them to the distribution of vegetation and used these values for classifying the climates.

It is an empirical classification based on mean annual and mean monthly temperature and precipitation data.

He introduced the use of capital and small letters to designate climatic groups and types.

Although developed in 1918 and modified over a period of time, Koeppen’s scheme is still popular and in use.

Koeppen recognised five major climatic groups, four of them are based on temperature and one on precipitation.

The capital letters : A,C, D and E delineate humid climates and B dry climates.

The climatic groups are subdivided into types, designated by small letters, based on seasonality of precipitation and temperature characteristics.

The small letters a, b, c and d refer to the degree of severity of temperature.

The B- Dry Climates are subdivided using the capital letters S for steppe or semi-arid and W for deserts.

Group A : Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup A : Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup A : Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup A : Tropical Humid ClimatesGroup A : Tropical Humid Climates Tropical humid climates exist between Tropic of Cancer and T ropic of Capricor n.

The sun being overhead throughout the year and the presence of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) make the climate hot and humid.

Annual range of temperature is very low and annual rainfall is high.

The tropical group is divided into three types, namely (i) Af- Tropical wet climate; (ii) Am - Tropical monsoon climate; (iii) Aw- Tropical wet and dry climate.

Tropical Wet Climate (Af) T ropical wet climate is found near the equator.

He introduced the use of capital and small letters to designate climatic groups and types. The climatic groups are subdivided into types, designated by small letters, based on seasonality of precipitation and temperature characteristics. The sun being overhead throughout the year and the presence of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) make the climate hot and humid. The tropical group is divided into three types, namely (i) Af- Tropical wet climate; (ii) Am - Tropical monsoon climate; (iii) Aw- Tropical wet and dry climate. The annual rainfall in this climate is considerably less than that in Af and Am climate types and is variable also. Cold snow forest climates are divided into two types: (i) Df- cold climate with humid winter; (ii) Dw- cold climate with dry winter. Tundra Climate (ET) The tundra climate (ET) is so called after the types of vegetation, like low growing mosses, lichens and flowering plants.

W WWWWORLDORLDORLD ORLDORLD C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE AND ANDAND ANDAND C CC CCLIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE C C C C C HANGE HANGEHANGE HANGEHANGE T he world climate can be studied by organising information and data on climate and synthesising them in smaller units for easy understanding, description and analysis. Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate. K KKKKOEPP OEPPOEPPOEPPOEPP ENENEN ENEN ’ ’’ ’’S SSSS S S S S S CHEME CHEMECHEME CHEMECHEME OF OFOFOFOF C C C C C LASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATION OFOFOF OFOF C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE The most widely used classification of climate is the empirical climate classification scheme developed by V. Koeppen identified a close relationship between the distribution of vegetation and climate. Tropical Wet and Dry Climate (Aw) Tropical wet and dry climate occurs north and south of Af type climate regions. Tundra Climate (ET) The tundra climate (ET) is so called after the types of vegetation, like low growing mosses, lichens and flowering plants. The type of climate we experience now might be prevailing over the last 10,000 years with minor and occasionally wide fluctuations.

The sun being overhead throughout the year and the presence of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) make the climate hot and humid. The most important anthropogenic effect on the climate is the increasing trend in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which is likely to cause global warming. Global Warming Due to the presence of greenhouse gases, the atmosphere is behaving like a greenhouse. The gases that absorb long wave radiation are called greenhouse gases. The processes that warm the atmosphere are often collectively referred to as the greenhouse effect. The term greenhouse is derived from the analogy to a greenhouse used in cold areas for preserving heat. Greenhouse Gases(GHGs) The primary GHGs of concern today are carbon dioxide (CO 2), Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and ozone (O3).

W WWWWORLDORLDORLD ORLDORLD C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE AND ANDAND ANDAND C CC CCLIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE C C C C C HANGE HANGEHANGE HANGEHANGE T he world climate can be studied by organising information and data on climate and synthesising them in smaller units for easy understanding, description and analysis. W WWWWORLDORLDORLD ORLDORLD C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE AND ANDAND ANDAND C CC CCLIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE C C C C C HANGE HANGEHANGE HANGEHANGE T he world climate can be studied by organising information and data on climate and synthesising them in smaller units for easy understanding, description and analysis. Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate. Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation.

Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate. W WWWWORLDORLDORLD ORLDORLD C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE AND ANDAND ANDAND C CC CCLIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE C C C C C HANGE HANGEHANGE HANGEHANGE T he world climate can be studied by organising information and data on climate and synthesising them in smaller units for easy understanding, description and analysis. Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate. Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation. Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes.

Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation. Three broad approaches have been adopted for classifying climate. Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation. Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes. Applied classification is for specific purpose.

Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes. Empirical classification is based on observed data, particularly on temperature and precipitation. Genetic classification attempts to organise climates according to their causes. Applied classification is for specific purpose. K KKKKOEPP OEPPOEPPOEPPOEPP ENENEN ENEN ’ ’’ ’’S SSSS S S S S S CHEME CHEMECHEME CHEMECHEME OF OFOFOFOF C C C C C LASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATIONLASSIFICATION OFOFOF OFOF C C C C C LIMATE LIMATELIMATE LIMATELIMATE The most widely used classification of climate is the empirical climate classification scheme developed by V.