Class 11 Physical Education: Unit 2 — Olympic Value Education

a) Gender

b) Commitment

b) Respect

a) Friendship

d) Fair Play

a) 776 BCE

b) Baron Pierre de Coubertin

c) 1896

a) Five interlocked rings

b) Higher

d) Baron Coubertin

d) 1928, Amsterdam, Netherlands

b) 1920, Antwerp, Belgium

c) 1920

b) 1972

d) 2010

c) 1904 Summer Olympics

c) Amsterdam

c) 3,331

c) 1913

a) Spiro Samara

b) 23 June 1894

b) Demetrios Vikelas

c) Lausanne, Switzerland

a) English and French

b) 2010

b) 2012

c) 2009

b) 1993

c) 1921

c) President, 4 Vice-Presidents and 10 members

c) 206

b) 1927

c) Both a and b

a) Association of Summer Olympic International Federations

a) Association of International Olympic Winter Sports Federations

c) Five

a) Blue, Yellow, Black, Green, Red

b) Four years

b) Paris

b) 1900

b) 1916, 1940, 1944

b) 1924

b) Two years apart

c) Leap years

b) Every four years

b) Singapore

b) A human right

b) Lending his bolt to competitors

b) Jesse Owens

Olympism is a philosophy of life, exalting and combining in a balanced whole the qualities of body, will and mind. Blending sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy found in effort.

The three core Olympic values are Excellence, Respect, and Friendship.

The Olympic motto is "Citius - Altius - Fortius" which is Latin for "Faster - Higher - Stronger." It expresses the aspirations of the Olympic Movement.

The Olympic symbol is five interlocked rings of five different colours representing the union of the five continents - North and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe.

Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a French nobleman, is the founder of the modern Olympic Games. He founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894.

The first modern Olympic Games were held in 1896 in Athens, Greece, attracting athletes from 14 nations.

The Olympic Creed is a quote by Baron de Coubertin: "The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle."

The Olympic flag was created by Baron Coubertin in 1913 and was first hoisted in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium, at the 1920 Summer Olympics.

The three main constituents of the Olympic Movement are the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Sports Federations (IFs), and the National Olympic Committees (NOCs).

The Indian Olympic Association was founded by Sir Dorabji Tata as President and Dr A.G. Noehren as Secretary General in 1927. In the same year, it was recognized by the IOC.

The mission of the NOCs is to develop, promote and protect the Olympic Movement in their respective countries. They promote fundamental principles of Olympism and send athletes to the Olympic Games.

The first Winter Olympics was held in 1924 in Chamonix, France, to feature snow and ice sports that were impossible to hold during the Summer Games.

INTRODUCTION:
The Olympic Games have established themselves as a global celebration of sport and peace through three important core values central to Olympism.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. Excellence:
It means giving one's best on the field of play or in life, participating and making progress while respecting rules.
2. Respect - Self-Respect:
Respect for yourself includes taking care through healthy food, rest, exercise, and being confident in oneself.
3. Respect - Respect for Others:
Respect includes listening to others' ideas, helping others feel safe from violence, and accepting diversity.
4. Respect - Respect for Rules:
Respecting rules and regulations is key to strong friendships, fair play, and sportsmanship in sports.
5. Friendship:
It encourages mutual understanding between individuals and peoples all over the world through sport.
6. Friendship - Breaking Barriers:
It encourages looking beyond differences like gender, ability, culture, race, or religion to establish stronger bonds.
7. Friendship - Building Bonds:
Friendships become the basis of connections within community for working together and supporting each other.
CONCLUSION:
Excellence, Respect, and Friendship guide Olympic athletes and individuals to lead meaningful and ethical lives.

INTRODUCTION:
Olympic Value Education is based on learning through balanced development of body and mind through five educational values.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. Joy of Effort:
Every human being has a fundamental right to access physical education for full personality development.
2. Joy of Effort - Avoid Over-exertion:
Children need to enjoy sports without being forced to over-exert or develop bad memories from the experience.
3. Fair Play:
Fair play means playing by the rules, leading to similar behaviour in everyday life outside sports.
4. Fair Play - Examples:
Shaking hands with opponents and appreciating extraordinary performances are examples of fair play in sports.
5. Respect for Others:
In a multicultural world, we need to accept diversity and promote peace beyond all differences.
6. Respect for Others - Peace:
Violence is not the best way to solve conflicts; sport can achieve acceptance among diverse cultures.
7. Pursuit of Excellence:
Focusing on excellence helps young people make positive, healthy choices and strive to become their best.
8. Balance Between Body, Will and Mind:
Pierre de Coubertin believed learning happens in the whole body, not just in the mind through sport.
CONCLUSION:
These five educational values develop the whole person through physical, emotional, and mental learning.

INTRODUCTION:
The Olympic Games evolved from ancient religious festivals to modern international sporting events with significant differences.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. Origin and Purpose:
Ancient Games started in 776 BCE as religious festival for Zeus; Modern Games started in 1896.
2. Participants:
Ancient Games only free male Greek citizens; Modern Games allow athletes from all nations with recognized NOCs.
3. Women Participation:
Women were not allowed in Ancient Games; Modern Games equally encourage and honour men and women.
4. Events:
Ancient Games had only individual events; Modern Games have both individual and team events.
5. Attire:
Ancient participants wore no clothes; Modern participants must wear proper sports kit during competition.
6. Awards:
Ancient winner received olive wreath; Modern winners get gold, silver, and bronze medals.
7. Olympic Truce:
Ancient wars stopped during games; Modern games cancelled thrice due to world wars.
CONCLUSION:
The Modern Olympics maintain ancient ideals while being more inclusive and internationally organized.

INTRODUCTION:
The International Olympic Committee, founded in 1894, is the supreme authority governing the Olympic Movement through three organs.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. The Session:
It is the supreme organ that adopts the Olympic Charter and elects IOC members, President, and Executive Board.
2. Session Powers - Elections:
The Session elects the host city of the Olympic Games and decides on recognition of NOCs and IFs.
3. Session Quorum:
Quorum required is half the membership plus one; decisions by majority of votes cast.
4. IOC Executive Board:
Founded in 1921, it manages IOC affairs with President, four Vice-Presidents, and ten members.
5. Executive Board Duties:
It monitors the Olympic Charter, approves regulations, and submits annual reports to the Session.
6. The President:
Elected for four years, renewable once, represents IOC and organizes Executive meetings.
7. President's Role:
If President is unable, the senior Vice President can replace and fulfill his duties.
CONCLUSION:
The IOC's three-tier structure ensures efficient governance of the Olympic Movement worldwide.

INTRODUCTION:
The Olympic Games have various symbols and ideals that represent unity, peace, and sporting excellence.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. Olympic Symbol:
Five interlocked rings (blue, yellow, black, green, red) represent the union of five continents.
2. Olympic Flag:
White background with five interlaced rings in centre, first hoisted in 1920 at Antwerp.
3. Olympic Motto:
"Citius - Altius - Fortius" means "Faster - Higher - Stronger," expressing Olympic aspirations.
4. Olympic Creed:
"The most important thing is not to win but to take part," said by Baron de Coubertin.
5. Olympic Anthem:
Composed by Spiro Samara, played when Olympic flag is raised at opening ceremony.
6. Olympic Flame:
First lit in 1928, lit at Temple of Hera using parabolic mirror; relay carried to host city.
7. Olympic Oath:
Taken by one athlete and judge from home nation, promising sport without doping and drugs.
8. Olympic Awards:
Gold (92.5% silver plated with 6g gold), Silver (92.5% silver), and Bronze medals awarded.
CONCLUSION:
Olympic symbols and ideals collectively represent the spirit of unity, peace, and sporting excellence.