Class 11 Political Science: Freedom — Chapter Question Set

a) Freedom Human — The textbook states: Chapter 2 Freedom Human history provides many examples of people and communities which have been dominated, or enslaved, or exploited, by more powerful groups.

d) struggles against such domination — The textbook states: But it also provides us with inspiring examples of heroic struggles against such domination.

c) this freedom for which people have been willi — The textbook states: What is this freedom for which people have been willing to sacrifice and die?

b) their choices and activities — The textbook states: In its essence, the struggle for freedom represents the desire of people to be in control of their own lives and destinies and to have the opportunity to expr ess themselves freely through their choices and activities.

a) their culture and future — The textbook states: Not just individuals but societies also value their independence and wish to protect their culture and future.

d) some rules and regulation — The textbook states: However, given the diverse inter ests and ambitions of people any for m of social living requires some rules and regulation.

c) recognised that such constraints may also fre — The textbook states: These rules may require some constraints to be imposed on the freedom of individuals but it is recognised that such constraints may also free us from insecurity and provide us with the conditions in which we can develop ourselves.

b) constraints and other restrictions — The textbook states: In political theory much of the discussion r egarding freedom has therefore focused on trying to evolve principles by which we can distinguish between socially necessary constraints and other restrictions.

a) structures of a society — The textbook states: There has also been debate about possible limitations on fr eedom which may r esult fr om the social and economic structures of a society.

d) some of these debates — The textbook states: In this chapter we will look at some of these debates.

c) for individuals and societies — The textbook states: After studying this chapter you should be able to: /box3Understand the importance of freedom for individuals and societies.

b) positive dimensions of freedom — The textbook states: /box3Explain the difference between the negative and positive dimensions of freedom.

a) 2.1 — The textbook states: Overview Freedom Freedom Political Theory 18 2.1 THE IDEAL OF FREEDOM Before we set out to answer these questions, let us stop for a moment and consider this.

d) Nelson Mandela — The textbook states: The autobiography of one of the greatest persons of the twentieth century, Nelson Mandela, is titled Long Walk to Freedom.

c) South Africa — The textbook states: In this book he talks about his personal struggle against the apartheid regime in South Africa, about the resistance of his people to the segregationist policies of the white regime, about the humiliations, hardships and police brutalities suffered by the black people of South A frica.

b) whom to marry — The textbook states: These ranged from being bundled into townships and being denied easy movement about the country, to being denied a fre e choice of whom to marry .

a) based on their race — The textbook states: Collectively, such measures constituted a body of constraints imposed by the apartheid regime that discriminated between citizens based on their race.

d) Mandela — The textbook states: F or Mandela and his colleagues it was the struggle against such unjust constraints, the struggle to remove the obstacles to the freedom of all the people of South Africa (not just the black or the coloured but also the white people), that was the Long Walk to Freedom.

c) Mandela — The textbook states: For this freedom, Mandela spent twenty-seven years of his life in jail, often in solitary confinement.

b) Mandela — The textbook states: Imagine what it meant to give up one’s youth for an ideal, to voluntarily give up the pleasure of talking with one’s friends, of playing one’s favourite game (Mandela loved boxing), of wearing one’s favourite clothes, of listening to one’ s favourite music, of enjoying the many festivals that are part of one’s life.

a) freedom of one’s people — The textbook states: Imagine giving all these up and choosing instead to be locked up alone in a ro om, not knowing when one would be released, only because one campaigned for the freedom of one’s people.

d) Mandela — The textbook states: For freedom Mandela paid Do only great men and women fight for great principles like freedom?

c) Now — The textbook states: FreedomFreedom Political Theory 19 Now, take another case.

b) Aung San Suu Kyi — The textbook states: Gandhiji’s thoughts on non-violence have been a source of inspiration for Aung San Suu Kyi as she remained under house arrest in Myanmar, separated from her children, unable to visit her husband when he was dying of cancer, because she feared that if she left Myanmar to visit him in England she would not be able to return.

a) freedom of her people — The textbook states: Aung San Suu Kyi saw her freedom as connected to the freedom of her people.

d) Freedom — The textbook states: Her book of essays bears the title Freedom from Fear .

c) freedom from fear and unless you can live fre — The textbook states: She says, “for me real freedom is freedom from fear and unless you can live free from fear you cannot live a dignified human life”.

b) deep thoughts that lead us to pause and consi — The textbook states: These are deep thoughts that lead us to pause and consider their implications.

a) of speaking our mind — The textbook states: We must not, her words suggest, be afraid of the opinions of other people, or of the attitude of authority, or of the reactions of the members of our community to the things we want to do, of the ridicule of our peers, or of speaking our mind.

d) Kyi — The textbook states: For Aung San Suu Kyi living a ‘dignified human life’ requires us to be able to overcome such fear.

c) Nelson Mandela — The textbook states: From these two books of Nelson Mandela and Aung San Suu Kyi, we can see the power of the ideal of freedom, an ideal that was at the centre of our national struggle and the struggles of the peoples of Asia and Africa against British, Fr ench and Portuguese colonialism.

b) fr eedom’ is absence of constraints — The textbook states: A simple answer to the question ‘what is fr eedom’ is absence of constraints.

a) said to exist when external constraints on th — The textbook states: Freedom is said to exist when external constraints on the individual are absent.

d) not subject to exter nal controls or coercion — The textbook states: In ter ms of this definition an individual could be considered free if he/she is not subject to exter nal controls or coercion and is able to make independent decisions and act in an autonomous way.

c) only one dimension of freedom — The textbook states: However , absence of constraints is only one dimension of freedom.

b) Can — The textbook states: Freedom is also about expanding the ability Can you think of someone in your village, town or district who has struggled for his/her own fr eedom or the freedom of others?

a) he/she struggled to protect — The textbook states: Write a short note about that person and the particular aspect of freedom which he/she struggled to protect.

d) DO IT Do Freedom — The textbook states: LET’S DO IT Do Freedom Freedom Political Theory 20 of people to freely express themselves and develop their potential.

c) the condition in which people can develop the — The textbook states: Fr eedom in this sense is the condition in which people can develop their cr eativity and capabilities.

b) important — The textbook states: Both these aspects of freedom — the absence of external constraints as well as the existence of conditions in which people can develop their talents — are important.

a) minimum of social constraints — The textbook states: A free society would be one which enables all its members to develop their potential with the minimum of social constraints.

d) constraints or r estrictions — The textbook states: No individual living in society can hope to enjoy total absence of any kind of constraints or r estrictions.

c) placed — The textbook states: To understand which social constraints ar e necessary, discussions on freedom need to look at the cor e relationship between the individual and the society (or gr oup, community, or state) within which she/he is placed.

b) between individual and society — The textbook states: That is, we need to examine the r elationship between individual and society.

a) and which do not — The textbook states: W e would need to see which featur es of the society allow the individual the freedom to choose, decide or act, and which do not.

d) and which should not — The textbook states: W e would need to deter mine which featur es ar e desirable and which ar e not, which should be removed and which should not.

c) SWARAJ — The textbook states: Further we need to see if the SWARAJ A concept analogous to Freedom in Indian political thought is ‘ Swaraj’.

b) Swaraj — The textbook states: The term Swaraj incorporates within it two wor ds — Swa (Self) and Raj (Rule).

a) and rule over self — The textbook states: It can be understood to mean both the rule of the self and rule over self.

d) India — The textbook states: Swaraj, in the context of the freedom struggle in India referred to freedom as a constitutional and political demand, and as a value at the social-collective level.

Freedom is said to exist when external constraints on the individual are absent. To understand which social constraints ar e necessary, discussions on freedom need to look at the cor e relationship between the individual and the society (or gr oup, community, or state) within which she/he is placed. W e would need to see which featur es of the society allow the individual the freedom to choose, decide or act, and which do not.

/box3Explain the difference between the negative and positive dimensions of freedom. To put it in another way, fr eedom also has a positive dimension. But freedom is a word which has varied connotations and, even in our country, the conception of freedom has undergone a process of evolution.

In political theory much of the discussion r egarding freedom has therefore focused on trying to evolve principles by which we can distinguish between socially necessary constraints and other restrictions. To understand which social constraints ar e necessary, discussions on freedom need to look at the cor e relationship between the individual and the society (or gr oup, community, or state) within which she/he is placed. But constraints on freedom can also result from social inequality of the kind implicit in the caste system, or which result from extreme economic inequality in a society.

Chapter 2 Freedom Human history provides many examples of people and communities which have been dominated, or enslaved, or exploited, by more powerful groups. To understand which social constraints ar e necessary, discussions on freedom need to look at the cor e relationship between the individual and the society (or gr oup, community, or state) within which she/he is placed. Historically, liberalism favoured free market and minimal role to the state.

Chapter 2 Freedom Human history provides many examples of people and communities which have been dominated, or enslaved, or exploited, by more powerful groups. Imagine what it meant to give up one’s youth for an ideal, to voluntarily give up the pleasure of talking with one’s friends, of playing one’s favourite game (Mandela loved boxing), of wearing one’s favourite clothes, of listening to one’ s favourite music, of enjoying the many festivals that are part of one’s life. Freedom is also about expanding the ability Can you think of someone in your village, town or district who has struggled for his/her own fr eedom or the freedom of others?

Chapter 2 Freedom Human history provides many examples of people and communities which have been dominated, or enslaved, or exploited, by more powerful groups.

But it also provides us with inspiring examples of heroic struggles against such domination.

What is this freedom for which people have been willing to sacrifice and die?

In its essence, the struggle for freedom represents the desire of people to be in control of their own lives and destinies and to have the opportunity to expr ess themselves freely through their choices and activities.

Not just individuals but societies also value their independence and wish to protect their culture and future.

However, given the diverse inter ests and ambitions of people any for m of social living requires some rules and regulation.

These rules may require some constraints to be imposed on the freedom of individuals but it is recognised that such constraints may also free us from insecurity and provide us with the conditions in which we can develop ourselves.

In political theory much of the discussion r egarding freedom has therefore focused on trying to evolve principles by which we can distinguish between socially necessary constraints and other restrictions.

There has also been debate about possible limitations on fr eedom which may r esult fr om the social and economic structures of a society.

In this chapter we will look at some of these debates.

After studying this chapter you should be able to: /box3Understand the importance of freedom for individuals and societies.

/box3Explain the difference between the negative and positive dimensions of freedom.

/box3Explain what is meant by the term ‘harm principle’.

Overview Freedom Freedom Political Theory 18 2.1 THE IDEAL OF FREEDOM Before we set out to answer these questions, let us stop for a moment and consider this.

The autobiography of one of the greatest persons of the twentieth century, Nelson Mandela, is titled Long Walk to Freedom.

In this book he talks about his personal struggle against the apartheid regime in South Africa, about the resistance of his people to the segregationist policies of the white regime, about the humiliations, hardships and police brutalities suffered by the black people of South A frica.

These ranged from being bundled into townships and being denied easy movement about the country, to being denied a fre e choice of whom to marry .

Collectively, such measures constituted a body of constraints imposed by the apartheid regime that discriminated between citizens based on their race.

F or Mandela and his colleagues it was the struggle against such unjust constraints, the struggle to remove the obstacles to the freedom of all the people of South Africa (not just the black or the coloured but also the white people), that was the Long Walk to Freedom.

For this freedom, Mandela spent twenty-seven years of his life in jail, often in solitary confinement.

Chapter 2 Freedom Human history provides many examples of people and communities which have been dominated, or enslaved, or exploited, by more powerful groups. Chapter 2 Freedom Human history provides many examples of people and communities which have been dominated, or enslaved, or exploited, by more powerful groups. But it also provides us with inspiring examples of heroic struggles against such domination. What is this freedom for which people have been willing to sacrifice and die?

But it also provides us with inspiring examples of heroic struggles against such domination. Chapter 2 Freedom Human history provides many examples of people and communities which have been dominated, or enslaved, or exploited, by more powerful groups. But it also provides us with inspiring examples of heroic struggles against such domination. What is this freedom for which people have been willing to sacrifice and die? In its essence, the struggle for freedom represents the desire of people to be in control of their own lives and destinies and to have the opportunity to expr ess themselves freely through their choices and activities.

What is this freedom for which people have been willing to sacrifice and die? But it also provides us with inspiring examples of heroic struggles against such domination. What is this freedom for which people have been willing to sacrifice and die? In its essence, the struggle for freedom represents the desire of people to be in control of their own lives and destinies and to have the opportunity to expr ess themselves freely through their choices and activities. Not just individuals but societies also value their independence and wish to protect their culture and future.

In its essence, the struggle for freedom represents the desire of people to be in control of their own lives and destinies and to have the opportunity to expr ess themselves freely through their choices and activities. What is this freedom for which people have been willing to sacrifice and die? In its essence, the struggle for freedom represents the desire of people to be in control of their own lives and destinies and to have the opportunity to expr ess themselves freely through their choices and activities. Not just individuals but societies also value their independence and wish to protect their culture and future. However, given the diverse inter ests and ambitions of people any for m of social living requires some rules and regulation.

Not just individuals but societies also value their independence and wish to protect their culture and future. In its essence, the struggle for freedom represents the desire of people to be in control of their own lives and destinies and to have the opportunity to expr ess themselves freely through their choices and activities. Not just individuals but societies also value their independence and wish to protect their culture and future. However, given the diverse inter ests and ambitions of people any for m of social living requires some rules and regulation. These rules may require some constraints to be imposed on the freedom of individuals but it is recognised that such constraints may also free us from insecurity and provide us with the conditions in which we can develop ourselves.

However, given the diverse inter ests and ambitions of people any for m of social living requires some rules and regulation. Not just individuals but societies also value their independence and wish to protect their culture and future. However, given the diverse inter ests and ambitions of people any for m of social living requires some rules and regulation. These rules may require some constraints to be imposed on the freedom of individuals but it is recognised that such constraints may also free us from insecurity and provide us with the conditions in which we can develop ourselves. In political theory much of the discussion r egarding freedom has therefore focused on trying to evolve principles by which we can distinguish between socially necessary constraints and other restrictions.

These rules may require some constraints to be imposed on the freedom of individuals but it is recognised that such constraints may also free us from insecurity and provide us with the conditions in which we can develop ourselves. However, given the diverse inter ests and ambitions of people any for m of social living requires some rules and regulation. These rules may require some constraints to be imposed on the freedom of individuals but it is recognised that such constraints may also free us from insecurity and provide us with the conditions in which we can develop ourselves. In political theory much of the discussion r egarding freedom has therefore focused on trying to evolve principles by which we can distinguish between socially necessary constraints and other restrictions. There has also been debate about possible limitations on fr eedom which may r esult fr om the social and economic structures of a society.