The Value of Work

A. The Value of Work CHAPTER13 When you are doing any work, do not think of anything beyond.

D. The Big Questions Anu and Kabir were playing in the park when they saw their neighbour, Geeta Aunty, getting out of a taxi.

C. She was returning home from work and was in her uniform.

B. A pilot in the Indian Air Force, she is the pride of the whole town.

A. Kabir, Aunty’s uniform looks a lot like the one I saw at your house yesterday, but the colour is different.

D. That uniform on the hanger belongs to my grandfather.

C. He retired from the Border Security Force and now spends his time...

B. Economic Life Around Us... providing free Geography classes to the neighbourhood kids...... tending to our vegetable garden, and...... running errands for the home.

A. My parents run a shop that sells uniforms and other ready-made garments.

D. Appa leaves early in the morning and Maa joins him in the shop after we leave for school.

C. Maa is usually back by the time we return home from school.

B. She also contributes to a voluntary group that teaches stitching to the women in the community.

A. You met him when he came to pick me up from school.

D. He is a software engineer and works in a company that makes computer applications.

C. On the weekends he volunteers to teach computer skills to those who have joined the youth development programme of the nearby college.

B. Wow, Anu, everyone around us does so many things every day!

A. Economic activities are those that involve money or are performed in exchange for money or money’s worth for the parties involved.

D. For example, a business person selling school bags in the market, a farmer selling produce in the market, a lawyer arguing a case and earning a fee, a truck driver transporting goods from one place to another, workers employed in a car manufacturing factory, etc.

C. Money’s worth: The monetary value that a person places on an object based on the benefit that they derive from it.

B. Market: A place where people engage in the exchange of goods and services.

A. People may exchange goods and services for other goods and services but in most markets these are exchanged for money.

D. Fee: A payment made to a person or organisation in exchange for professional advice or services.

C. For example, a fee paid to a doctor and a lawyer.

B. Economic Life Around Us Non-economic activities are those that do not generate income or wealth but are done out of feelings like gratitude, love, care and respect.

A. For instance, parents cooking food for the family or helping their children with schoolwork, youth taking care of the grandparents, family members helping in the renovation of the house, etc.

D. Label this column ‘economic / non-economic activity’.

C. Now classify them according to the nature of activity.

B. In Anu’s and Kabir’s story, Geeta Aunty, the Air Force pilot, receives a salary.

A. She serves the country and performs an economic activity too.

D. Anu’s brother, Rohan, works for a software company and is given a salary for it.

C. Over the weekend, he also volunteers at the youth development programme of the nearby college, where he teaches computer skills to young adults.

B. Left to right: Youth helping the grandparent Family members helping in the renovation of the house Salary: A fixed regular payment generally paid monthly by an employer to an employee.

A. Economic Life Around Us Types of Economic Activities Kavya was excited to go to her aunt’s house in the village of Kamlapur.

D. On the way, she saw that a highway was being built near the village, and the construction site was abuzz with activity.

C. Large machines, such as excavators and bulldozers, were being operated by dedicated technicians.

B. This new highway promised to reduce the travel time to the nearest town from five hours to just two hours.

A. Kavya thought that she would be able to visit her aunt more often once the highway was ready, since it would take less time to travel there.

D. Happy with this thought, Kavya ran to greet her aunt and to eat the delicious jalebis that she had made.

C. They were joined by Kavya’s uncle, who had just returned home from work.

B. He is a technician in a construction company and operates a bulldozer.

A. He receives a monthly salary for his services.

D. The next day, Kavya’s aunt woke up early tofinish her share of the household chores and left for work.

C. She is employed at the village post office and is paid a monthly salary.

B. In the evening, after her office work, she also conducts online classes to help students prepare for school exams.

A. She charges a weekly fee for these classes.

D. On the weekend, Kavya visited a local mango orchard with her aunt to have some delicious mangoes.

C. There she saw Sahil, a farm labourer who was using a tractor to till a farmer’s land nearby.

B. He earns a daily wage for his efforts.

A. He gets some payment for his work in cash, and the remaining part of the payment in the form of mangoes of equal value.

D. The mangoes that he receives as a part of his work are called payment in kind.

As we now understand, economic activities are those that have value in terms of money. Economic activities also add value at each stage of the process of transforming some- thing into another form.

Economic activities also add value at each stage of the process of transforming some- thing into another form. Wage: A payment made by the employer to the worker for a specific period of time.

Wage: A payment made by the employer to the worker for a specific period of time. Payment in kind: A non-cash payment that is received for the work performed.

Payment in kind: A non-cash payment that is received for the work performed. Economic Life Around Us Let us take the example of Kavya’s father, Rajesh, to understand this.

Economic Life Around Us Let us take the example of Kavya’s father, Rajesh, to understand this. Rajesh is a carpenter who buys wood from a nearby market for ₹600 to make furniture.

Rajesh is a carpenter who buys wood from a nearby market for ₹600 to make furniture. He uses special tools and other materials for building the furniture.

He uses special tools and other materials for building the furniture. Rajesh sells a chair for ₹1,000 each in the market.

Rajesh sells a chair for ₹1,000 each in the market. It is the monetary value of Rajesh’s skill, time and effort, which went into making that chair.

It is the monetary value of Rajesh’s skill, time and effort, which went into making that chair. Rajesh has added value to the wood by turning it intofurniture.

Rajesh has added value to the wood by turning it intofurniture. From buying the wood to selling the chair, these activities involve payment.

From buying the wood to selling the chair, these activities involve payment. They are, therefore, a part of economic activities.

They are, therefore, a part of economic activities. The Importance of Non-Economic Activities While non-economic activities may not involve money, the value they generate is important in our lives.

The Importance of Non-Economic Activities While non-economic activities may not involve money, the value they generate is important in our lives. Sevā: selfless service We see sevā in many places such as temples, gurudwaras, mosques and churches.

Sevā: selfless service We see sevā in many places such as temples, gurudwaras, mosques and churches. For instance, langars or community kitchens at gurudwaras serve food to every visitor for free.

For instance, langars or community kitchens at gurudwaras serve food to every visitor for free. These practices foster a sense of satisfaction and gratitude Activity / Profession Example of money-related value creation Economic Life Around Us for what we have, and they are also a way of contributing to society without expecting anything in return.

These practices foster a sense of satisfaction and gratitude Activity / Profession Example of money-related value creation Economic Life Around Us for what we have, and they are also a way of contributing to society without expecting anything in return. Temple distributing prasād to devotees Langar at the Golden Temple Van Mahotsav Swachh Bharat Abhiyan The strength of community participation The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is based on the collective efforts of all Indian citizens to keep our surroundings clean. Individually, we keep our homes and surround- ings clean.

Individually, we keep our homes and surround- ings clean. People have also come together to clean up streets, roads, parks and other public places or community areas. Together, these efforts lead to a clean home, neighbourhood, society and nation.

Together, these efforts lead to a clean home, neighbourhood, society and nation. Another example of collective community participation is the celebration of Van Mahotsav (the festival of forests) in India to promote awareness about the value of trees and the conservation of forests. The initiative brings together members of the community for tree plantation drives.

The initiative brings together members of the community for tree plantation drives. THINK ABOUT IT “ Man y communities in India have similar practices that involve community participation. During these festivals, people gather to organise all the various activities.

During these festivals, people gather to organise all the various activities. They decorate the place together and share the food that they cook. Before we move on... Æ In this chapter, we learnt about economic and non- economic activities. Æ We also learnt about the value addition that economic activities create. Æ We understood how non-economic activities contribute to social welfare, personal wellbeing and enhance the overall quality of life.

Before we move on... Æ In this chapter, we learnt about economic and non- economic activities. Æ We also learnt about the value addition that economic activities create. Æ We understood how non-economic activities contribute to social welfare, personal wellbeing and enhance the overall quality of life. There is great value attached to people who are engaged in community service activities. Economic Life Around Us Noodles *‘Noodles’ is our abbreviation for ‘Notes and Doodles’!

Economic Life Around Us Noodles *‘Noodles’ is our abbreviation for ‘Notes and Doodles’! The Value of Work CHAPTER13 When you are doing any work, do not think of anything beyond. Do it as worship, as the highest worship, and devote your whole life to it for the time being. and Kabir were playing in the park when they saw their neighbour, Geeta Aunty, getting out of a taxi. She was returning home from work and was in her uniform.

and Kabir were playing in the park when they saw their neighbour, Geeta Aunty, getting out of a taxi. She was returning home from work and was in her uniform. her uniform. A pilot in the Indian Air Force, she is the pride of the whole town. Kabir, Aunty’s uniform looks a lot like the one I saw at your house yesterday, but the colour is different. at your house yesterday, but the colour is different. That uniform on the hanger belongs to my grandfather. He retired from the Border Security Force and now spends his time... Economic Life Around Us... providing free Geography classes to the neighbourhood kids......

at your house yesterday, but the colour is different. That uniform on the hanger belongs to my grandfather. He retired from the Border Security Force and now spends his time... Economic Life Around Us... providing free Geography classes to the neighbourhood kids...... his time... Economic Life Around Us... providing free Geography classes to the neighbourhood kids...... tending to our vegetable garden, and...... running errands for the home. My parents run a shop that sells uniforms and other ready-made garments. a shop that sells uniforms and other ready-made garments. Appa leaves early in the morning and Maa joins him in the shop after we leave for school. Maa is usually back by the time we return home from school.

a shop that sells uniforms and other ready-made garments. Appa leaves early in the morning and Maa joins him in the shop after we leave for school. Maa is usually back by the time we return home from school. that makes computer applications. On the weekends he volunteers to teach computer skills to those who have joined the youth development programme of the nearby college. Wow, Anu, everyone around us does so many things every day! given below: Character in the story Activities they are engaged in Different types of activities, like the ones discussed above, are divided into two groups or categories: economic activities and non-economic activities.

given below: Character in the story Activities they are engaged in Different types of activities, like the ones discussed above, are divided into two groups or categories: economic activities and non-economic activities. activities and non-economic activities. Economic activities are those that involve money or are performed in exchange for money or money’s worth for the parties involved. business person selling school bags in the market, a farmer selling produce in the market, a lawyer arguing a case and earning a fee, a truck driver transporting goods from one place to another, workers employed in a car manufacturing factory, etc. goods from one place to another, workers employed in a car manufacturing factory, etc. Money’s worth: The monetary value that a person places on an object based on the benefit that they derive from it. the benefit that they derive from it. Market: A place where people engage in the exchange of goods and services. People may exchange goods and services for other goods and services but in most markets these are exchanged for money.

the benefit that they derive from it. Market: A place where people engage in the exchange of goods and services. People may exchange goods and services for other goods and services but in most markets these are exchanged for money. goods and services but in most markets these are exchanged for money. Fee: A payment made to a person or organisation in exchange for professional advice or services. For example, a fee paid to a doctor and a lawyer. For example, a fee paid to a doctor and a lawyer. Economic Life Around Us Non-economic activities are those that do not generate income or wealth but are done out of feelings like gratitude, love, care and respect. done out of feelings like gratitude, love, care and respect. For instance, parents cooking food for the family or helping their children with schoolwork, youth taking care of the grandparents, family members helping in the renovation of the house, etc. Force pilot, receives a salary. She serves the country and performs an economic activity too. Anu’s brother, Rohan, works for a software company and is given a salary for it.

Force pilot, receives a salary. She serves the country and performs an economic activity too. Anu’s brother, Rohan, works for a software company and is given a salary for it. for it. Over the weekend, he also volunteers at the youth development programme of the nearby college, where he teaches computer skills to young adults. This is a non-economic activity. employer to an employee. Economic Life Around Us Types of Economic Activities Kavya was excited to go to her aunt’s house in the village of Kamlapur. way, she saw that a highway was being built near the village, and the construction site was abuzz with activity. Large machines, such as excavators and bulldozers, were being operated by dedicated technicians. being operated by dedicated technicians. This new highway promised to reduce the travel time to the nearest town from five hours to just two hours.

being operated by dedicated technicians. This new highway promised to reduce the travel time to the nearest town from five hours to just two hours. she would be able to visit her aunt more often once the highway was ready, since it would take less time to travel there. Kavya ran to greet her aunt and to eat the delicious jalebis that she had made. They were joined by Kavya’s uncle, who had just returned home from work. He is a technician in a construction company and operates a bulldozer. work. He is a technician in a construction company and operates a bulldozer. He receives a monthly salary for his services. The next day, Kavya’s aunt woke up early tofinish her share of the household chores and left for work. early tofinish her share of the household chores and left for work. She is employed at the village post office and is paid a monthly salary.

early tofinish her share of the household chores and left for work. She is employed at the village post office and is paid a monthly salary. the evening, after her office work, she also conducts online classes to help students prepare for school exams. She charges a weekly fee for these classes. weekend, Kavya visited a local mango orchard with her aunt to have some delicious mangoes. There she saw Sahil, a farm labourer who was using a tractor to till a farmer’s land nearby. He earns a daily wage for his efforts. till a farmer’s land nearby. He earns a daily wage for his efforts. He gets some payment for his work in cash, and the remaining part of the payment in the form of mangoes of equal value. payment in the form of mangoes of equal value. The mangoes that he receives as a part of his work are called payment in kind.

payment in the form of mangoes of equal value. The mangoes that he receives as a part of his work are called payment in kind. of transforming some- thing into another form. This is called value addition. Wage: A payment made by the employer to the worker for a specific period of time. Payment in kind: A non-cash payment that is received for the work performed. Payment in kind: A non-cash payment that is received for the work performed. Economic Life Around Us Let us take the example of Kavya’s father, Rajesh, to understand this. this. Rajesh is a carpenter who buys wood from a nearby market for ₹600 to make furniture. He uses special tools and other materials for building the furniture. Rajesh sells a chair for ₹1,000 each in the market. is the monetary value of Rajesh’s skill, time and effort, which went into making that chair. Rajesh has added value to the wood by turning it intofurniture. From buying the wood to selling the chair, these activities involve payment.

is the monetary value of Rajesh’s skill, time and effort, which went into making that chair. Rajesh has added value to the wood by turning it intofurniture. From buying the wood to selling the chair, these activities involve payment. Non-Economic Activities While non-economic activities may not involve money, the value they generate is important in our lives. Sevā: selfless service We see sevā in many places such as temples, gurudwaras, mosques and churches. as temples, gurudwaras, mosques and churches. For instance, langars or community kitchens at gurudwaras serve food to every visitor for free. and gratitude Activity / Profession Example of money-related value creation Economic Life Around Us for what we have, and they are also a way of contributing to society without expecting anything in return. Abhiyan is based on the collective efforts of all Indian citizens to keep our surroundings clean. Individually, we keep our homes and surround- ings clean.