Class 11 Physical Education: Unit 9 — Psychology And Sports

a) JB Watson

a) Wilhelm Wundt

a) 0-2 years

c) mental development

a) group dynamics

c) Bulimia nervosa

b) 10-14 yrs

d) Lack of Language development

a) Members seeing themselves as one rather than collection of individuals

b) Cooperate and work together to accomplish common goals

b) Task Cohesion

a) Heart rate

b) Broad Attention Focus

c) Resilience

b) Soul

b) Soul

c) Both a and b

c) 1986

c) Div. 47

c) 1925

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

b) 10-19 years

a) 10-14 years

b) 14-17 years

c) 17-19 years

b) Unusual starvation

b) Binge eating patterns

c) Both a and b

a) Discharge of negative feelings

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

a) Two or more persons who interact

d) All of the above

a) Sticking together

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

a) Either you concentrate or you don't

a) An elite athlete

c) Both a and b

a) Innate ability at conception

b) Learned from adversity

c) Restored through learning skills

a) Work defines a person's identity

J.B. Watson explained psychology as a study of observable and overt behaviours that can be measured scientifically.

The European Federation of Sports Psychology defines sports psychology as "the study of the psychological basis, processes and effects of sport."

Coleman Griffith, often called the "Father of Sports Psychology" in North America, set up the Athletic Research Laboratory at the University of Illinois in 1925.

Group cohesion can be defined as "a dynamic process which is reflected in the tendency for a team to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of goals and objectives."

Task cohesion refers to the level of team members working together to attain and achieve common and identifiable team goals in a cohesive environment.

Social Cohesion refers to the level of liking among the team members and the amount of personal satisfaction of being together as team members.

Attention is about taking possession by the mind, in clear and vivid form, of one out of what seem several simultaneously possible objects or train of thoughts.

Mental toughness is having the natural or developed psychological edge that enables you to cope better with the many demands that sport places on a performer and to be more consistent and better than your opponents under pressure.

Resilience refers to one's ability to bounce back emotionally in the face of adversity. It is the force within the individual that drives a person to confront and overcome adversity.

INTRODUCTION:
Sports psychology studies psychological factors affecting performance and participation in sports.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. Cognitive Benefits:
Physical activity improves cognition, mood, attention, problem-solving, and academic achievement.
2. Emotional Benefits:
Physical activity provides positive feelings and counters depression and anxiety.
3. Social Benefits:
Group exercise provides pleasurable experience for mental health and social wellbeing.
4. Distraction Ability:
Exercise provides opportunity for distraction from current mood state reducing anxiety.
5. Life Skills:
Sports participation develops sense, sensitivity, and sensibility to tackle life challenges.
6. Developmental Aspects:
Develops social relationships, making friends, and spirit of healthy competition.
7. Behaviour Modifications:
Increases perceived competence, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation through positive sports experience.
8. Cognitive and Motor Skills:
Improves attention deficit, memory, reasoning ability, and decision-making skills.
9. Performance Enhancement:
Develops coping skills, improves focus, builds confidence, and controls emotions.
CONCLUSION:
Psychology plays vital role in enhancing performance and overall development through sports.

INTRODUCTION:
Adolescence is a critical transition period from childhood to adulthood with various challenges.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. Substance Abuse:
Alcoholism, smoking, drugs attract adolescents due to peer pressure and various factors.
2. Substance Abuse Management:
Cognitive techniques include expressing concern; behaviour techniques involve peer engagement.
3. Eating Disorders - Anorexia:
Bizarre eating patterns with unusual starvation due to social or physique anxiety for weight loss.
4. Eating Disorders - Bulimia:
Binge eating patterns due to depression and other psychological fluctuations.
5. Eating Disorders Management:
Diet awareness and promotion of fitness activities for healthy lifestyle.
6. Anti-Social Behaviour:
Aggression and behaviour deviations due to psychological turbulence during physical changes.
7. Anti-Social Behaviour Management:
Catharsis through expressing emotions and breaking violence cycle through positive reinforcement.
8. Exercise Adherence:
Dropout due to lack of fun, low perception, anxiety, family pressure, and injuries.
9. Adherence Management:
Access to facility, self-motivation, social influence, self-efficacy, and behavioural coping skills.
CONCLUSION:
Proper understanding and management of adolescent problems ensure healthy development.

INTRODUCTION:
Psychological attributes like Attention, Resilience, and Mental Toughness are crucial for sports performance.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. Attention Definition:
Focusing mental effort on sensory events addressing relevant cues and eliminating irrelevant ones.
2. Broad Attention Focus:
Allows athletes to perceive several occurrences simultaneously like batsman focusing on ball.
3. Narrow Attention Focus:
Ability to focus on particular task when surrounded by multiple cues and distractions.
4. External Attention Focus:
Directs athlete to focus outward on other objects like position and opponents.
5. Internal Attention Focus:
Directs inward thoughts without attending to external cues or objects.
6. Resilience Definition:
Ability to bounce back emotionally in the face of adversity, trauma, and sources of stress.
7. Types of Resilience:
Natural (innate ability), Adaptive (learned from adversity), Restored (learned skills).
8. Mental Toughness Definition:
Natural or developed psychological edge for coping better and remaining focused under pressure.
9. Attributes of Mental Toughness:
Self-confidence, ability to focus, motivation, work ethic, persistence, and positive attitude.
CONCLUSION:
These psychological attributes are essential for athletes to achieve peak performance.

INTRODUCTION:
Team cohesion is the tendency for a team to stick together and remain united in pursuit of goals.
MAIN POINTS WITH EXPLANATIONS:
1. Personal Factors:
Satisfaction and similarity of experience among team members.
2. Team Factors:
Prior success, communication, having team goals, and importance of achieving goals.
3. Leadership Factors:
Effort to develop cohesion through proper leadership and guidance.
4. Environmental Factors:
Size of group affects the level of team cohesion.
5. Team Stability:
Social cohesion strongly predicts athletes' intention to continue with the sports team.
6. Team Efficacy:
Group cohesion helps teams believe in their abilities and develop self-confidence.
7. Improved Performance:
Team cohesion has strong association with improved athlete performance and results.
8. Psychological Momentum:
Teams with high cohesion are more likely to enjoy psychological momentum in competitions.
9. Enhanced Mood:
Improved cohesion reflects increased positive emotions and greater self-satisfaction.
CONCLUSION:
Team cohesion leads to better performance, team stability, and positive athlete experiences.