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A Tale of Valour: Major Somnath Sharma and the Battle of Badgam Questions & Answers | Class 8 English | CBSE NCERT
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About 111 min readA Tale of Valour: Major Somnath Sharma and the Battle of BadgamUpdated 29 Sep 2026
Questions and answers
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1. 1. Why is Major Somnath Sharma's name described as 'etched in the annals of history'?
(a) He wrote several books on history.
(b) His deeds are permanently recorded and remembered in history.
(c) His name is carved on the Himalayan mountains.
(d) He founded the National War Memorial.
This is a tribute to the valiant Major Somnath Sharma, India's first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, whose name is etched in the annals of history. His bravery and sacrifice stand as a beacon of inspiration for generations. At every intersection of patriotism—whether through the National War Memorial, soul stirring patriotic songs, books, and stories recounting acts of valour, or the celebrations of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav—his memory is honoured. Major Somnath Sharma's legacy of courage and devotion to the nation remains forever alive, forever alive… reminding us of the ultimate price paid for our freedom.
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(b) — 'Etched' means permanently fixed in memory, so his deeds are forever part of recorded history.
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2. 2. In this extract, the word 'beacon' means:
(a) a light fixed on a tower
(b) a warning signal
(c) a source of inspiration
(d) a bright colour
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(c) — His bravery and sacrifice are a 'beacon', i.e., something that inspires generations.
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3. 3. The repetition 'forever alive, forever alive…' suggests that:
(a) the writer forgot the words
(b) Major Somnath is still living
(c) his memory is honoured only on Republic Day
(d) his legacy continues to inspire without end
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(d) — The repetition emphasises that his courage and devotion never fade from the nation's memory.
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4. 4. Fill in the blank: Major Somnath Sharma was India's ______ recipient of the Param Vir Chakra.
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first.
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5. 5. According to the extract, at which places or occasions is Major Somnath Sharma's memory honoured?
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His memory is honoured at the National War Memorial, in soul-stirring patriotic songs, in books and stories recounting acts of valour, and in the celebrations of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav.
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6. 6. What do you think the phrase 'the ultimate price paid for our freedom' refers to?
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It refers to Major Somnath Sharma's death — he laid down his life fighting for the country, which is the greatest sacrifice a soldier can make for the nation's freedom.
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7. 1. What mission was Major Somnath Sharma and his men given?
(a) To capture the Kashmir Valley
(b) To protect the Srinagar airport from a guerrilla force
(c) To train the Pakistani army
(d) To guard the Himalayan peaks
The serene Kashmir valley in the shadows of the majestic Himalayas witnessed a tale of extraordinary heroism and sacrifice to protect the integrity of Indian borders. The day began with the silence of a cold November dawn but ended with echoes of courage that served as an inspiration for generations to come. This is the story of Major Somnath Sharma and the brave men that he led on a mission to protect the Srinagar airport from falling into the hands of a guerrilla force trained and backed by Pakistan. This is a story of how 90 men managed to foil the plan of some 500 infiltrators who wanted to capture Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley and deliver a blow to newly-independent India.
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(b) — The text says they were 'on a mission to protect the Srinagar airport' from the guerrilla force.
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8. 2. The phrase 'foil the plan' means:
(a) to support a plan
(b) to delay a plan by a few hours
(c) to prevent a plan from succeeding
(d) to make a new plan
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(c) — The 90 men managed to stop the 500 infiltrators from capturing Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley.
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9. 3. The contrast between 'the silence of a cold November dawn' and 'echoes of courage' suggests that:
(a) the day passed quietly without any event
(b) a fierce battle was fought bravely by the end of that day
(c) the soldiers returned before afternoon
(d) the valley was unsafe for travellers
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(b) — The day that began in silence ended with a heroic battle whose story inspires generations.
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10. 4. How many Indian soldiers faced about 500 infiltrators in this story? (Answer in one word/number.)
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90.
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11. 5. Why does the author call this 'a tale of extraordinary heroism'?
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Because a small group of just 90 men resisted and defeated the plan of some 500 infiltrators, protecting Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley for newly-independent India against heavy odds.
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12. 6. What does the phrase 'deliver a blow to newly-independent India' tell you about the infiltrators' intention?
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The infiltrators wanted to weaken and humiliate the young nation by capturing Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley soon after India became independent.
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13. 1. Why was Operation Gulmarg launched by Pakistan?
(a) To defend its own borders
(b) To annex the Kashmir Valley
(c) To help Maharaja Hari Singh
(d) To sign an agreement with India
The events that led to the Battle of Badgam started in August 1947, when Pakistan launched Operation Gulmarg to annex the Kashmir Valley. This was in violation of an existing agreement with Hari Singh, the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, who had committed Pakistan not to attack the state. However, instead of honouring the commitment, the Pakistani Army trained and equipped around 1000 invaders who possessed deep knowledge of mountain passes and the local terrain to enter Kashmir and take control of strategic locations, including the Srinagar airport. The ultimate goal of their plan was to engineer a revolt in Kashmir, overthrow the government, and capture the territory. If they had succeeded, it would have allowed them to control strategic mountain passes, peaks, and rivers. On 22 October, Operation Gulmarg was launched and these infiltrators invaded Kashmir, which led to the Princely State becoming a part of India on 26 October 1947.
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(b) — The extract clearly states that Pakistan launched it 'to annex the Kashmir Valley'.
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14. 2. The word 'annex' in this extract means:
(a) to give away territory
(b) to take possession of territory
(c) to discuss a border
(d) to guard a fort
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(b) — Pakistan wanted to take control of the Kashmir Valley by seizing it.
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15. 3. Why do you think the invaders were chosen for their 'deep knowledge of mountain passes and the local terrain'?
(a) So that they could teach in local schools
(b) So that they could move secretly and capture strategic locations easily
(c) So that they could build new roads
(d) So that they could guide tourists
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(b) — Knowledge of the terrain helped them enter Kashmir unnoticed and take control of places like the Srinagar airport.
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16. 4. True or False: Maharaja Hari Singh had an agreement under which Pakistan had committed not to attack his state.
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True.
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17. 5. What was the ultimate goal of the invaders' plan?
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Their goal was to engineer a revolt in Kashmir, overthrow the government, and capture the territory so that they could control strategic mountain passes, peaks, and rivers.
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18. 6. What was the immediate result of the invasion of 22 October?
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The infiltrators invaded Kashmir under Operation Gulmarg, and as a result, the Princely State became a part of India on 26 October 1947.
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19. 1. When did the Government of India send its troops to Kashmir?
(a) 22 October 1947
(b) 26 October 1947
(c) 27 October 1947
(d) 3 November 1947
In response to this invasion, the Government of India sent its troops to defend the people of Kashmir and India's borders on 27 October 1947. A contingent of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was airlifted into Srinagar because the land route through Pathankot was not in a good condition.
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(c) — India sent troops in response to the invasion on 27 October 1947.
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20. 2. Why were the troops airlifted into Srinagar?
(a) The land route through Pathankot was not in a good condition.
(b) The soldiers wanted to fly.
(c) The enemy had captured the road.
(d) The trains were not running.
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(a) — Because the land route through Pathankot was not in good condition, troops were flown in.
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21. 3. What can be inferred about the situation in Kashmir at this time?
(a) It was calm and peaceful.
(b) It was calm and required no action.
(c) It was not urgent.
(d) It was serious and required an immediate response.
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(d) — The quick airlifting of troops shows the invasion made the situation urgent for India.
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22. 4. Fill in the blank: A ______ of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was airlifted into Srinagar.
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contingent.
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23. 5. Why did the Government of India send its troops to Kashmir?
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The Government sent its troops to defend the people of Kashmir and to protect India's borders from the invaders who had entered the state.
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24. 6. What does the word 'airlifted' tell us about the response of the Government of India?
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It shows the government acted quickly and decisively, using aircraft to move troops at once because the situation was dangerous and the land route was unusable.
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25. 1. Which unit did Major Somnath Sharma command?
(a) A Company of the Punjab Regiment
(b) D Company of the 4th Battalion of Kumaon Regiment
(c) The Brigade headquarters
(d) A squadron of the Air Force
On 31 October, the D Company of the 4th Battalion of Kumaon Regiment, under the command of Major Somnath Sharma, was also flown into Srinagar. At that time, Major Somnath Sharma's left hand was in plaster, but he insisted on being with his company while in combat. He knew that this mission would be very challenging and told his senior officers, "I know my men better than anyone else, and if they are going into action, they are not going in without me." These words highlighted his commitment to his men and his country.
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(b) — He commanded D Company of the 4th Battalion of the Kumaon Regiment.
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26. 2. Despite which difficulty did Major Somnath Sharma insist on going into combat?
(a) He had a fever.
(b) His left hand was in plaster.
(c) He had no ammunition.
(d) His senior officers forbade him.
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(b) — His left hand was in plaster, yet he insisted on being with his company in combat.
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27. 3. His words to his senior officers reveal that he:
(a) feared the mission
(b) distrusted his soldiers
(c) felt deep responsibility and loyalty towards his men
(d) wanted a safer posting
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(c) — 'They are not going in without me' shows his commitment to his men and his country.
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28. 4. One-word answer: What part of Major Somnath Sharma's body was in plaster?
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His left hand.
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29. 5. Why do you think Major Somnath Sharma said he knew his men 'better than anyone else'?
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As their commander, he had trained and lived with his soldiers and shared a close bond with them; he believed his presence would strengthen and guide them in the challenging mission ahead.
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30. 6. What do the words 'I shall not let them go without me' spirit of the quote tell us about his character? (Base your answer on the extract.)
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It shows he was a leader who led from the front, shared every danger with his men, and placed duty and loyalty above his own comfort and safety, even when injured.
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31. 1. Why was it important for Indian forces to retain control of Badgam village?
(a) It had a large market.
(b) It was on a higher altitude than the airfield and access to the airfield was through the village.
(c) It was the capital of Kashmir.
(d) It was close to Pathankot.
Before their arrival in Srinagar, there had been unfounded rumours of tribal movement towards the village of Badgam, less than 5 kilometres away from the Srinagar airport. The village was on a higher altitude than the airfield, and access was through the village. Hence, it was important for Indian forces to retain control of the area in order to protect troops and facilitate supplies arriving via air. In reality, the enemy had started arriving in Badgam in small groups to avoid detection. On 03 November 1947, several companies, including Major Somnath Sharma's D Company, were sent to patrol and assess emerging threats in and around the village. Throughout the day, the valley was eerily silent. Around afternoon, the companies were ordered to return one by one. D company with 90 soldiers was the last, and they were expected to return by 2:00 p.m.
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(b) — Control of the village was needed to protect troops and allow supplies arriving by air.
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32. 2. The word 'unfounded' as used in the extract means:
(a) well planned
(b) not based on reason or facts
(c) extremely dangerous
(d) written in a report
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(b) — The rumours of tribal movement had no solid basis, though events later proved partly true.
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33. 3. Why had the enemy started arriving in Badgam in small groups?
(a) To avoid detection
(b) To search for food
(c) To greet the villagers
(d) To repair the roads
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(a) — Small groups could slip in without being noticed by the Indian forces.
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34. 4. One-phrase answer: How far was Badgam from the Srinagar airport?
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Less than 5 kilometres.
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35. 5. Why were several companies, including D Company, sent to patrol Badgam on 3 November 1947?
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They were sent to patrol the village and assess the emerging threats there, since the enemy had begun arriving in Badgam in small groups and the area was vital to the airport's safety.
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36. 6. What atmosphere is created by the line 'Throughout the day, the valley was eerily silent'? Why is it effective?
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The word 'eerily' creates a strange, tense and frightening stillness, hinting that danger was hidden close by; it builds suspense before the sudden attack that follows.
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37. 1. What did Major Somnath Sharma correctly understand about the first attack?
(a) It was the enemy's final assault.
(b) It was only a distraction before a major attack from another side.
(c) It was an accident.
(d) It was launched by the Indian Army.
When the enemy (tribal guerrilla invaders), under the command of the Pakistani army, saw that only a small group of Indian soldiers were left behind in Badgam, they attacked them. Their initial attack was met with stiff resistance by Major Somnath and his men. However, Major Somnath correctly visualised that the first attack was just a distraction. Shortly thereafter, a major attack came from another side. By then, Major Somnath Sharma and his 90 soldiers were facing about 500 invaders. The Pakistani invaders sought to capture the Srinagar airfield and its surrounding areas. It was clear to Major Somnath Sharma that defending Srinagar town, the airfield, and the wider valley was indeed difficult until reinforcements arrived. After assessing the situation, he requested air strikes. He bravely laid out ground panels to guide the aircraft towards their target. The aerial attacks were successful in hitting the tribal invaders, but they still outnumbered D Company by almost seven to one, the attack on the positions occupied by Major Somnath's men continued.
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(b) — He 'correctly visualised that the first attack was just a distraction', and a major attack soon followed.
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38. 2. Why did Major Somnath Sharma lay out ground panels?
(a) To mark his soldiers' trenches
(b) To signal his men to retreat
(c) To guide the aircraft towards their target
(d) To build a landing strip
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(c) — The panels were laid out to guide the aircraft carrying out the air strikes he had requested.
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39. 3. By how much did the enemy outnumber D Company even after the air strikes?
(a) Almost two to one
(b) Almost five to one
(c) Almost seven to one
(d) Almost ten to one
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(c) — The extract states they 'still outnumbered D Company by almost seven to one'.
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40. 4. True or False: The aerial attacks completely drove the invaders away from Badgam.
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False — the aerial attacks hit the invaders, but the enemy still outnumbered D Company by almost seven to one and the attack continued.
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41. 5. What did the Pakistani invaders seek to capture?
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They sought to capture the Srinagar airfield and its surrounding areas, which would help them take Srinagar town and the wider valley.
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42. 6. Why was it difficult for D Company to defend the area until reinforcements arrived?
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They were only about 90 soldiers facing roughly 500 invaders — nearly seven to one — under devastating fire, so holding Srinagar town, the airfield and the valley was very difficult without extra troops.
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43. 1. The phrase 'stood resolute' means:
(a) sat down to rest
(b) remained firm and determined
(c) ran for cover
(d) asked to surrender
Vastly outnumbered and facing devastating fire, Major Somnath Sharma and his men stood resolute. The air was thick with the sound of gunfire and the cries of battle, but Major Somnath Sharma's voice cut through the chaos, urging his men to fight with tenacity and valour. Despite heavy casualties and his own injuries, Major Somnath Sharma displayed unparalleled bravery. He moved fearlessly through the battlefield, directing fire, filling magazines for his gunners, and encouraging his men to hold their ground.
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(b) — 'Resolute' means determined; the soldiers held their position despite being outnumbered.
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44. 2. In this extract, the word 'tenacity' means:
(a) fear
(b) speed
(c) determination
(d) anger
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(c) — The Major urged his men to fight with determination and courage.
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45. 3. The line 'The air was thick with the sound of gunfire and the cries of battle' suggests that:
(a) the gunshots had stopped for a while
(b) there was intense fighting on the battlefield
(c) the invaders were retreating
(d) the Indian soldiers had won
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(b) — 'Thick with' gunfire and battle cries shows continuous, heavy fighting all around.
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46. 4. Fill in the blank: Major Somnath Sharma was fearlessly directing fire, encouraging his men, and filling ______ for his gunners.
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magazines.
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47. 5. Which three actions of Major Somnath Sharma on the battlefield show his unparalleled bravery?
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He moved fearlessly through the battlefield, directed fire at the enemy, filled magazines for his gunners, and encouraged his men to hold their ground — all despite heavy casualties and his own injuries.
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48. 6. What qualities of Major Somnath Sharma do you admire the most in this extract, and why?
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His courage, presence of mind and care for his men stand out; even when injured and outnumbered, he personally guided the fight and kept his soldiers' spirits alive, which is the mark of a true leader.
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49. 1. Why was Major Somnath Sharma asked to pull back by Brigade headquarters?
(a) His company was running out of ammunition.
(b) The battle had ended.
(c) He was injured in the hand.
(d) The air strikes had failed.
However, as the battle progressed, D Company began running out of ammunition. When Major Somnath Sharma informed Brigade headquarters about this, he was asked to pull back. Aware of the gravity of the situation, he responded with the words, "The enemy is only 50 yards from us. We are heavily outnumbered. We are under devastating fire. I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round". Just a few minutes later, when he was crouched in a trench next to a machine gun operator, in order to help him load the gun, his position was hit by a mortar shell, killing him instantly. Despite losing their Major and faced with the overwhelming numerical superiority of the enemy, the heroic actions of late Major Somnath Sharma motivated his men to hold on to their position for over six more hours before being overrun by the enemy. Their brave resistance provided time for reinforcements to arrive, including flying in soldiers from the Punjab regiment to Srinagar. The heroic deeds of Major Somnath and his men thoroughly demotivated the enemy, causing more than 300 casualties, including injuring their leader.
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(a) — D Company 'began running out of ammunition', so headquarters asked him to withdraw.
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50. 2. How did Major Somnath Sharma die?
(a) He was shot while retreating.
(b) A mortar shell hit his position in a trench while he was helping a machine gun operator load the gun.
(c) He died in a plane crash.
(d) He was injured in the air strike.
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(b) — He was crouched in a trench next to a machine gun operator when a mortar shell killed him instantly.
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51. 3. What does the soldiers' decision to hold on for 'over six more hours' after his death show?
(a) They had plenty of ammunition left.
(b) They were ordered by the enemy to stay.
(c) Their Major's heroism inspired them to fight on despite the odds.
(d) They did not know he had died.
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(c) — His heroic actions motivated his men to hold their position for over six more hours despite the enemy's superiority.
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52. 4. One-phrase answer: For how long did the men hold their position after Major Somnath Sharma's death?
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Over six more hours.
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53. 5. How did D Company's brave resistance help India?
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It bought time for reinforcements to arrive — soldiers of the Punjab regiment were flown into Srinagar — and it demotivated the enemy, causing more than 300 casualties and injuring their leader.
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54. 6. What does Major Somnath Sharma's message, 'I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round', reflect about his sense of duty?
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It reflects complete devotion to duty and unconquerable courage; he refused to abandon the position even when heavily outnumbered and under devastating fire, putting the nation's safety above his life.
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55. 1. Which battalion was awarded the Battle Honour, Srinagar?
(a) Punjab Regiment
(b) 4 KUMAON battalion
(c) 19th Hyderabad Regiment
(d) The Brigade headquarters
In many significant ways, D Company's sacrifice and Major Somnath's leadership saved Srinagar for India. The 4 KUMAON battalion was awarded the Battle Honour, Srinagar. Major Somnath laid down his life for the nation at the young age of 24. For this act of conspicuous bravery, Major Somnath Sharma was awarded the Param Vir Chakra (PVC). His citation reflects his heroism, patriotism, and courage. He was the first recipient of the PVC, awarded posthumously for gallantry and supreme sacrifice. We have delved into how the events of 03 November 1947, played out. It is also worth knowing more about the early life of Major Somnath and the events that led him to make the ultimate sacrifice for the nation.
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(b) — The 4 KUMAON battalion received the Battle Honour, Srinagar, for its role.
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56. 2. The word 'posthumously' means:
(a) with great courage
(b) after death
(c) in secret
(d) during battle
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(b) — The PVC was awarded to him after his death in the battle.
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57. 3. At what age did Major Somnath Sharma lay down his life for the nation?
(a) 21
(b) 22
(c) 24
(d) 26
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(c) — He died at the very young age of 24.
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58. 4. Fill in the blank: Major Somnath Sharma was awarded the Param Vir Chakra for his act of ______ bravery.
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conspicuous.
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59. 5. In what ways did D Company's sacrifice save Srinagar for India?
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Their resistance delayed the enemy for many hours, allowed reinforcements including the Punjab Regiment to arrive, and inflicted over 300 casualties, which demotivated the invaders and saved Srinagar for India.
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60. 6. What does the citation of Major Somnath Sharma reflect?
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His citation reflects his heroism, patriotism and courage, recording his gallantry and supreme sacrifice for the nation.
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61. 1. Where was Somnath Sharma born?
(a) Srinagar, Kashmir
(b) Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
(c) Nainital, Uttarakhand
(d) Anand, Gujarat
Born on 31 January 1923, in the picturesque town of Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, Somnath Sharma belonged to a family with a rich military legacy. His father, Major General Amar Nath Sharma, had served the nation with distinction. Young Somnath was also deeply inspired by the valorous tales of the Mahabharata, imparted to him by his grandfather. From his early education at Sherwood College, Nainital, to his rigorous training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Major Somnath Sharma's life was a testament to discipline and dedication. Commissioned into the 8th Battalion, 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942, he served with distinction during World War II in the Arakan Campaign in Burma, earning mentions in despatches for his bravery. However, it was during the Indo–Pakistan War of 1947–1948, particulary in the battle of Badgam, that the legacy of Major Somnath Sharma was truly forged.
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(b) — He was born on 31 January 1923 in the town of Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh.
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62. 2. Who inspired young Somnath with the valorous tales of the Mahabharata?
(a) His father
(b) His teachers at Sherwood College
(c) His grandfather
(d) His seniors at Sandhurst
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(c) — The tales were 'imparted to him by his grandfather'.
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63. 3. The phrase 'his life was a testament to discipline and dedication' means that:
(a) he disliked discipline
(b) his education and training proved his disciplined, dedicated character
(c) he wrote a testament about his life
(d) he was trained only in India
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(b) — His journey from Sherwood College to Sandhurst gave strong evidence of his discipline and dedication.
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64. 4. One-phrase answer: At which college did Somnath receive his early education?
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Sherwood College, Nainital.
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65. 5. What did Major Somnath Sharma earn during the Arakan Campaign in Burma?
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He served with distinction during World War II in the Arakan Campaign and earned mentions in despatches for his bravery.
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66. 6. How did Somnath Sharma's family background influence his choice of career?
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He came from a family with a rich military legacy — his father, Major General Amar Nath Sharma, had served the nation with distinction — and the heroic tales of the Mahabharata told by his grandfather inspired him deeply, drawing him towards a soldier's life.
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67. 1. Which ideals does the life and sacrifice of Major Somnath Sharma embody?
(a) Wealth and fame
(b) Duty, honour, and patriotism
(c) Silence and sacrifice
(d) Speed and strength
The life and sacrifice of Major Somnath Sharma embody the highest ideals of duty, honour, and patriotism. He has been a source of inspiration for soldiers and citizens alike. Most importantly, his story is a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless men and women in defence of the motherland and highlights the profound sense of duty that inspired them. In the quiet of the Kashmir Valley, where the echoes of D Company's battle with infiltrators have long since faded, the story of Major Somnath Sharma remains a beacon of courage and sacrifice. His valour ensured that the tricolour would continue to fly over Srinagar, and his name is forever etched in the golden pages of India's military history. The life and legacy of Major Somnath Sharma stands as a poignant reminder of the price of freedom and the enduring spirit of those who fought to protect it. His story, marked by selflessness and bravery, will continue to inspire and guide generations to come, ensuring that his sacrifice is never to be forgotten. His name is etched on the Honour Wall of the National War Memorial.
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(b) — The text says his life and sacrifice embody 'the highest ideals of duty, honour, and patriotism'.
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68. 2. The word 'poignant' in this extract means:
(a) sudden
(b) proud
(c) deeply emotional and moving
(d) painful to the body
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(c) — His legacy stands as a 'poignant', i.e., emotional and touching, reminder of the price of freedom.
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69. 3. The line 'His valour ensured that the tricolour would continue to fly over Srinagar' means that:
(a) India lost control of Srinagar
(b) his courage saved Srinagar and kept it a part of India
(c) he hoisted a new flag
(d) the flag was made of silk
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(b) — Because of his bravery, Srinagar remained with India, symbolised by the tricolour flying over it.
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70. 4. True or False: Major Somnath Sharma's name is etched on the Honour Wall of the National War Memorial.
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True.
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71. 5. What does his story remind us of, according to the extract?
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His story reminds us of the sacrifices made by countless men and women in defence of the motherland and highlights the profound sense of duty that inspired them.
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72. 6. How does reading about the sacrifice of Major Somnath Sharma make you feel, and what does it inspire you to do?
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His story fills me with gratitude and deep respect for soldiers who protect our borders; it inspires me to value my freedom, serve my country in whatever way I can, and never take the peace we enjoy for granted.
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73. 1. Who was Major Somnath Sharma?
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Major Somnath Sharma was an officer of the Indian Army who commanded D Company of the 4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment. He was India's first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, awarded posthumously for his gallantry and supreme sacrifice in the Battle of Badgam in 1947.
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74. 2. Why did Major Somnath Sharma insist on joining the mission despite having his left hand in plaster?
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He insisted on being with his company in combat because he felt responsible for his men. He told his senior officers, "I know my men better than anyone else, and if they are going into action, they are not going in without me."
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75. 3. What was Operation Gulmarg?
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Operation Gulmarg was the plan launched by Pakistan in August 1947 to annex the Kashmir Valley. Under it, around 1000 invaders trained and equipped by the Pakistani Army entered Kashmir on 22 October 1947 to capture strategic locations.
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76. 4. Why was the village of Badgam strategically important?
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Badgam was less than 5 kilometres from the Srinagar airport and was at a higher altitude than the airfield, with access to the airfield through the village. Controlling it was essential to protect troops and the supplies arriving by air.
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77. 5. What happened on 26 October 1947 as a result of the invasion?
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As a result of the invasion launched under Operation Gulmarg on 22 October, the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of India on 26 October 1947.
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78. 6. Why were Indian troops airlifted into Srinagar instead of being sent by road?
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A contingent of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was airlifted into Srinagar because the land route through Pathankot was not in a good condition.
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79. 7. How did Major Somnath Sharma know that the enemy's first attack was only a distraction?
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He correctly visualised that the first attack was a distraction because shortly thereafter a major attack came from another side. His experience and alertness helped him read the enemy's plan.
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80. 8. What did Major Somnath Sharma do when D Company began running out of ammunition?
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He informed Brigade headquarters about the shortage and was asked to pull back. However, he refused to withdraw and declared that he would fight to the last man and the last round.
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81. 9. Quote the words spoken by Major Somnath Sharma when he was asked to pull back.
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He said, "The enemy is only 50 yards from us. We are heavily outnumbered. We are under devastating fire. I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round."
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82. 10. How did Major Somnath Sharma die?
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While he was crouched in a trench next to a machine gun operator, helping him load the gun, his position was hit by a mortar shell, which killed him instantly.
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83. 11. What did the soldiers of D Company do after losing their Major?
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Inspired by his heroic actions, they held on to their position for over six more hours before being overrun by the enemy, giving time for Indian reinforcements to arrive.
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84. 12. Which honours were awarded after the Battle of Badgam?
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The 4 KUMAON battalion was awarded the Battle Honour, Srinagar, and Major Somnath Sharma was awarded the Param Vir Chakra — the first ever PVC, given posthumously for gallantry and supreme sacrifice.
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85. 13. What do you know about Major Somnath Sharma's early life?
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He was born on 31 January 1923 in Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, into a family with a rich military legacy. His father, Major General Amar Nath Sharma, served the nation with distinction, and his grandfather inspired him with the valorous tales of the Mahabharata.
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86. 14. Where did Major Somnath Sharma study and train?
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He received his early education at Sherwood College, Nainital, and then underwent rigorous training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.
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87. 15. When and into which regiment was Somnath Sharma commissioned?
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He was commissioned into the 8th Battalion, 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942, and later served with the Kumaon Regiment as commander of D Company.
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88. 16. What was Major Somnath Sharma's service during World War II?
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He served with distinction during World War II in the Arakan Campaign in Burma, earning mentions in despatches for his bravery.
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89. 17. How did D Company's resistance affect the enemy?
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The heroic deeds of Major Somnath and his men thoroughly demotivated the enemy, causing more than 300 casualties and injuring their leader.
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90. 18. What does the word 'unfounded' mean in the chapter, and how was it used?
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'Unfounded' means not based on reason or facts. It was used for the rumours of tribal movement towards Badgam village that had spread before the Indian forces arrived in Srinagar.
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91. 19. How did Major Somnath Sharma's leadership save Srinagar for India?
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His inspiring leadership made his men hold their ground for hours against 500 invaders. This brave resistance delayed the enemy long enough for reinforcements, including the Punjab Regiment, to arrive and save Srinagar.
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92. 20. Which qualities of Major Somnath Sharma do you admire the most, and why?
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I admire his courage, loyalty and self-sacrifice the most. Even with his hand in plaster, he led from the front, shared every danger with his men, and gave his life rather than give up an inch of ground.
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93. 1. Describe the events that led to the Battle of Badgam.
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In August 1947, Pakistan launched Operation Gulmarg to annex Kashmir in violation of its agreement with Maharaja Hari Singh. Around 1000 invaders trained by the Pakistani Army invaded on 22 October, leading Kashmir to join India on 26 October. Indian troops were airlifted to Srinagar on 27 October, and on 31 October Major Somnath Sharma's D Company reached Srinagar. On 3 November, while patrolling Badgam, the company was attacked by about 500 tribal guerrillas under the Pakistani Army's command.
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94. 2. How did Major Somnath Sharma display bravery and leadership during the Battle of Badgam?
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Despite his injured hand, Major Somnath led D Company into battle. Vastly outnumbered, he stood resolute, urged his men to fight with tenacity, requested and guided air strikes by laying out ground panels, moved fearlessly through the battlefield directing fire, filled magazines for his gunners, and encouraged his men to hold their ground until a mortar shell killed him.
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95. 3. "The enemy is only 50 yards from us... I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round." Explain the significance of these words.
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These words show Major Somnath's unshakable courage and sense of duty. Fully aware that his company was heavily outnumbered and under devastating fire with little ammunition, he refused to retreat because he knew that losing Badgam would endanger Srinagar airfield. His words became a stirring example of the soldier's credo — duty first, life later — and they inspired his men to fight on even after his death.
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96. 4. What was the outcome and impact of the Battle of Badgam?
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D Company held its position for over six hours after the Major's death. This bought time for reinforcements, including soldiers of the Punjab Regiment, to be flown into Srinagar. The heroic resistance demotivated the enemy, causing more than 300 casualties and injuring their leader. In many significant ways, D Company's sacrifice saved Srinagar for India, and the 4 KUMAON battalion was awarded the Battle Honour, Srinagar.
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97. 5. Describe Major Somnath Sharma's life and military career before the Battle of Badgam.
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Somnath Sharma was born on 31 January 1923 in Dadh, Kangra (Himachal Pradesh), to a family with a rich military legacy — his father Major General Amar Nath Sharma served with distinction. His grandfather's Mahabharata tales inspired him deeply. Educated at Sherwood College, Nainital, and trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he was commissioned into the 8th Battalion, 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942, served in the Arakan Campaign in Burma during World War II, and earned mentions in despatches.
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98. 6. How is Major Somnath Sharma's memory honoured in India today?
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His memory is honoured at every intersection of patriotism — through the National War Memorial, where his name is etched on the Honour Wall, soul-stirring patriotic songs, books and stories recounting acts of valour, and the celebrations of Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav. He was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, awarded posthumously, and his legacy of courage and devotion to the nation remains forever alive.
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99. 7. Why do you think Major Somnath Sharma's story continues to inspire soldiers and civilians even today? (HOTS)
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His story shows what ordinary Indians can achieve through extraordinary courage, duty and self-sacrifice. A 24-year-old officer with an injured hand chose to stand with his 90 men against 500 invaders and refused to yield an inch. Such selflessness reminds us that freedom has a price, and it motivates soldiers to serve with the same spirit and civilians to value and contribute to the nation.
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100. 8. Imagine you are a soldier of D Company who survived the Battle of Badgam. How would your Major's courage have affected you? (HOTS)
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Watching the Major move fearlessly through devastating fire, filling magazines and cheering us on, I would have forgotten my fear and found strength I never knew I had. Even after the mortar shell took him, his words — 'fight to the last man and the last round' — would have rung in my ears and kept me at my post. His courage would have taught me that true leadership means standing with your men until the very end.
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101. 9. Why is the chapter titled 'A Tale of Valour'? Justify the title.
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'Valour' means great courage in the face of danger, which is exactly what the chapter recounts. It tells how Major Somnath Sharma and his 90 men resisted some 500 trained infiltrators, held their ground against seven-to-one odds, and saved Srinagar for India. The title thus captures the extraordinary heroism, sacrifice and patriotism that form the heart of the narrative.
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102. 10. What values do we learn from the life and sacrifice of Major Somnath Sharma?
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We learn duty, honour, patriotism, courage and self-sacrifice. He placed his country above his life, his men above his safety, and his word above fear — refusing to withdraw even when death was certain. His story also teaches discipline, commitment and gratitude towards the soldiers who defend the motherland.
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103. 1. Draw a character sketch of Major Somnath Sharma, citing evidence from the text.
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Major Somnath Sharma emerges as the very embodiment of a soldier and a leader. He was courageous to the point of fearlessness — with his left hand in plaster, he insisted on leading his company, saying his men were "not going in without me". He was a natural leader: at Badgam he stood resolute against about 500 invaders, and his voice "cut through the chaos", urging his men to fight with tenacity and valour. He led by example — directing fire, filling magazines for his gunners and encouraging his men while facing devastating fire himself. He was selfless and devoted to duty, refusing to withdraw even when ammunition ran out, declaring he would fight "to the last man and the last round". He was also a patriot from his earliest days — born into a family with a rich military legacy, inspired by his grandfather's Mahabharata tales, disciplined through Sherwood College and Sandhurst. His unmatched bravery at the young age of 24 earned him the Param Vir Chakra, India's first, awarded posthumously. His life and sacrifice thus embody the highest ideals of duty, honour and patriotism, and his name remains forever etched on the Honour Wall of the National War Memorial.
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104. 2. What is the theme of the chapter? What message does it convey to the reader?
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The central theme of the chapter is valour — extraordinary courage shown in the service of the nation. It recounts how Major Somnath Sharma and the 90 men of D Company held off some 500 Pakistani-backed infiltrators at Badgam on 3 November 1947 to save the Srinagar airfield and the Kashmir Valley for newly-independent India. A second theme is sacrifice: the Major laid down his life at the age of 24, and his men held their position for over six hours after his death. The chapter also celebrates duty, honour and patriotism — ideals that, the text says, his life embodies. Its message is that freedom has a price, paid by countless men and women in defence of the motherland; that leadership means standing with one's people in the hardest hour; and that the memory of such heroes must never fade. The closing lines remind us that his story "will continue to inspire and guide generations to come, ensuring that his sacrifice is never to be forgotten."
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105. 3. 'The life and sacrifice of Major Somnath Sharma embody the highest ideals of duty, honour and patriotism.' Elaborate with textual evidence.
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Duty: even with his hand in plaster, Major Somnath insisted on joining combat, telling his officers, "I know my men better than anyone else, and if they are going into action, they are not going in without me." Later, ordered to pull back as ammunition ran out, he replied, "I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round" — duty till his last breath. Honour: he was killed while crouched in a trench helping a machine gun operator load his gun, a commander sharing a gunner's danger. His citation "reflects his heroism, patriotism, and courage", and the 4 KUMAON battalion earned the Battle Honour, Srinagar. Patriotism: inspired by his grandfather's Mahabharata tales and his father's distinguished service, he gave his life at 24 so that "the tricolour would continue to fly over Srinagar". For this act of conspicuous bravery he received the Param Vir Chakra — the first ever — posthumously. His story thus stands, in the chapter's words, as "a poignant reminder of the price of freedom and the enduring spirit of those who fought to protect it."
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106. 4. How can the values demonstrated by Major Somnath Sharma — courage, duty and self-sacrifice — be applied in our daily lives?
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The Major's values apply far beyond the battlefield. Courage for a student means facing difficult subjects and examinations without giving up, and standing up for what is right even when it is unpopular. Duty means completing our responsibilities sincerely — homework, housework, or a promise to a friend — the way he completed his mission despite his injured hand. Self-sacrifice means putting others before ourselves: giving up a seat for an elderly person, helping a classmate who is struggling, or donating our time to community work. His commitment to his men teaches us that true leaders stand with their team, never above it; class monitors and team captains can practise this daily. Above all, his story teaches gratitude and patriotism in action — keeping our surroundings clean, respecting our national symbols, and serving our community. Small acts done with the Major's spirit of 'not withdrawing an inch' can build a stronger and braver society.
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107. 5. As a historian writing in 1950, write an account of the Battle of Badgam and its significance for India.
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On the cold, eerily silent afternoon of 3 November 1947, near the village of Badgam, less than five kilometres from the Srinagar airfield, a small Indian patrol found itself facing the full fury of an invasion. D Company of the 4th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment — ninety soldiers under Major Somnath Sharma — had stayed behind as the last of several companies patrolling the village when tribal guerrillas, commanded by the Pakistani Army, attacked. Their first thrust was a distraction; the main assault came from another side, and soon ninety men faced about five hundred invaders. The Major, his left hand still in plaster, requested air strikes and bravely laid out ground panels to guide the aircraft. When ammunition ran low and Brigade headquarters ordered withdrawal, he famously refused: "I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round." Minutes later, while helping a machine gunner load his gun, he was killed instantly by a mortar shell. Yet his men fought on for six more hours, inflicting over 300 casualties and wounding the enemy leader, until reinforcements — including the Punjab Regiment — could be flown in. Historians must record that in many significant ways, D Company's sacrifice and the Major's leadership saved Srinagar for India. The nation honoured the 4 KUMAON battalion with the Battle Honour, Srinagar, and made Major Somnath Sharma the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra, awarded posthumously for gallantry and supreme sacrifice.
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108. 6. Imagine you are a young soldier of D Company who fought at Badgam. Write a letter to your family describing the battle and your fallen Major.
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Dear Mother and Father, I write to you from Srinagar with a heavy but proud heart. Three days ago, at Badgam village, our ninety men were left alone when some five hundred tribal raiders attacked us. Our Major — Somnath Sharma Sahib, with his left hand still in plaster — never flinched for a moment. His voice rose above the gunfire, urging us to fight with tenacity and valour. He walked fearlessly through the bullets, directing our fire and filling magazines for our gunners with his own hands. When headquarters ordered him to pull back because our ammunition was finishing, he sent back the words that I shall remember all my life: "I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round." Minutes later a mortar shell fell into his trench as he helped load a machine gun, and our Major was gone. Yet, Mother, we did not break. His courage lived in us, and we held our position for over six more hours until help arrived. The raiders lost more than three hundred men and fled demoralised. We saved the airfield; we saved Srinagar. Grieve not for our Major — he died as a soldier dreams of dying, for the tricolour and the motherland. Tell my little brother about him, so that boys of our land grow up knowing such men. Your loving son.
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109. 7. Why should the young generation of India remember and learn about soldiers like Major Somnath Sharma?
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The young generation of India should remember soldiers like Major Somnath Sharma because the freedom, unity and peace we enjoy today were purchased by their sacrifice. The chapter reminds us that his valour "ensured that the tricolour would continue to fly over Srinagar" — a concrete gift that every Indian inherits. His life offers a model worth imitating: discipline from Sherwood College and Sandhurst, courage that refused to withdraw "an inch", and leadership that placed his men before himself, injured hand notwithstanding. Learning about him teaches values that textbooks alone cannot — duty, honour, patriotism and self-sacrifice — and shows that age is no barrier to greatness, for he was only twenty-four. It also builds gratitude: his story is "a reminder of the sacrifices made by countless men and women in defence of the motherland". Finally, memory itself is a duty, for the chapter closes by hoping "his sacrifice is never to be forgotten". A generation that remembers such heroes grows up responsible, brave and devoted to the nation's good.
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